NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS

NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST
UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS
1. Upper GI Tract



Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing. Major concern for older adult &
victims of stroke. Has trouble swallowing liquids or solids, coughs after
eating or drinking, speech difficulty (dysphonia)


• Barium Swallow – Swallows radioactive dye that shows
areas of dysfunction.
• Endoscopic Evaluation
TX = Thickened liquids/foods. Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees.


2. Lower GI Tract



Obstruction – Poop can’t go
forward . ABG: HCO3 up, pH up =
metabolic alkalosis


• Small Bowel S/S = Abdominal pain, distention, N/V,
constipation, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic alkalosis
• LARGE Bowel S/S = Lower abdominal cramping, constipation, ribbon
like stools.


What is contraindicated?! BARIUM ENEMA
TX= Possible Surgery, NG Tube Suction, NPO, IV Therapy (fluids), Pain Control
NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST
UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS

,NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST
UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) – Chronic diarrhea and/or
constipation ABG: HCO3 low, pH low – metabolic acidosis

• S/S = excess farting (flatulence), distention, cramps,

pain, diarrhea/constipation, LLQ pain.
• Treatment = AVOID triggers or fruit, berries, lettuce, lactose, caffeine, &

alcohol. Increase fiber, relax, less stress, and exercise
• Meds = Constipation (Metamucil, Fibercon), Diarrhea

(Imodium, Lomotil)
TX = Educate on avoiding triggers & fibrous foods
Appendicitis – Infection of appendix organ
• S/S = RLQ pain (McBurney’s Point), rebound tenderness, relief of pain after

ruptured.




NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST
UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS

,NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST
UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS
o RUPTURED = think infection… chills, increased WBC,

guarding, distention, shallow breathing, irritability, &
restlessness.
TX = Surgical removal, semi-fowler RIGHT side lying, no heat, no
laxatives, cold compress


Ulcerative Colitis – Inflammation of mucosa in colon
& rectum. ABG: HCO3 low, pH low = metabolic acidosis


• S/S = > 10 liquid stools per day, abdominal pain, dehydration,
tachycardia, anemia, distention.
o Complications = hemorrhage, abscess, TOXIC MEGACOLON,

obstruction, perforation


Meds - sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), mesalamine (Asocol), azathioprine
(Imuran) to alter immune response; antidiarrheal for symptom
management
TX = Avoid trigger foods, may require NPO & TPN treatment


Chohn’s Disease – inflammation of mucosa in
terminal ilium ABG: HCO3 low, pH low = metabolic
acidosis


• S/S = diarrhea 5-6x daily, abdominal pain, low-grade fever,
weight loss, electrolyte imbalance.


NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST
UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS

, NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST
UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS
TX = High calorie, high protein, antidiarrheal,
corticosteroids, immunomodulators, TPN during exacerbation
(promotes rest)


Diverticulitis – Inflammation of the sac-like pouches known as
diverticula in the colon.


• S/S = changing from constipation to diarrhea constantly, LLQ pain
o Perforation = fever, chills, tachycardia, gen. abdominal pain

TX = Dietary modifications, colon resection, antibiotics, pain
relief, stool softeners. Educate on low Fiber diet & avoid nuts!


3. Urinary Dysfunction

• Stress incontinence: loss of urine with increased abdominal pressure

• Reflex incontinence: involuntary loss of urine at somewhat predictable

intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached
• Urge incontinence: involuntary passage of urine soon after

strong urge to void
• Functional incontinence: involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine




NURSING 2 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE LATEST
UPDATE 2022 BEST GUARANTEED SUCCESS