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Signals & System

Lecture 1
Introduction to Signals & Variables

Dr. Tahir Zaidi


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, Books/Resources
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Essential
 AV Oppenheim, AS Willsky: Signals and Systems, 2nd Ed
 D Hanselman, B Littlefield “Mastering Matlab 6: A
comprehensive tutorial and reference”

Recommended
 Haykin “Signals and Systems, John Wiley and Sons, 2002
 http://www.mit.edu/~6.003/ - Signals and Systems at MIT
 http://dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu/~bouman/ee301/ - Signals and
Systems at Purdue
 http://www.jhu.edu/~signals/index.html - on-line set of Java
applets demonstrating various signals and system concepts2



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, What is a Signal?
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• A signal is a pattern of variation of some form
• Signals are variables that carry information

Examples of signal include:
 Electrical signals : Voltages and currents in a circuit
 Acoustic signals: Acoustic pressure (sound) over time
 Mechanical signals: Velocity of a car over time
 Video signals: Intensity level of a pixel (camera, video)
over time


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, How is a Signal Represented?
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 Mathematically, signals are represented as a function of
one or more independent variables.
 For instance a black & white video signal intensity is
dependent on x, y coordinates and time t f(x,y,t)
 On this course, we shall be exclusively concerned with
signals that are a function of a single variable: time
f(t)




t
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