PEDIATRICS - HESI PRACTICE EXAM
The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-year old female client who is
scheduled for surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by the client best
demonstrates that learning has taken place? - ✅D. I understand that I will be in a body
cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn.
To take the vital signs of a 4-month old child, which order will give the most accurate
results? - ✅A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
During routine screening at a school clinic, an otoscope examination of a child's ear
reveals a tympanic membrane that is pearly gray, slightly bulging, and not movable.
What action should the nurse take next? - ✅B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold,
runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair? - ✅C. elbow
restraints
What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an
infant with pyloric stenosis? - ✅D. observe for projectile vomiting.
A six-month-old returns from surgery with elbow restraints in place. What nursing care
should be included when caring for any restrained child? - ✅B. remove restraints one at
a time and provide range of motion exercises
A 2-year old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical
examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down
syndrome? - ✅A. congenital heart disease
When assessing a child with asthma, the nurse should expect intercostal retractions
during - ✅A. inspiration
When planning the care for a child who has had a cleft lip repair, the nurse knows that
crying should be minimized because it - ✅D. stresses the suture line
A full-term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the
nurse suspects that the infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms is this
newborn likely to have exhibited? - ✅A. choking, coughing, and cyanosis
Which behavior would the nurse expect a two-year-old child to exhibit? - ✅C. display
possessiveness of toys
the mother of a preschool-aged client asks the nurse if it is all right to administer Pepto
Bismal to her son when he 'has a tummy ache." After reminding the mother to check the
label of all OTC drugs for the presence of aspirin, which instruction should the nurse
, include when replying to this mother's question? - ✅B. do not give if the child has
chickenpox, the flu, or any other viral illness.
The nurse observes a 4-year old boy in a daycare setting. Which behavior should the
nurse consider normal for this client? - ✅C. demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting
when telling a story
A burned child is brought to the emergency room. In estimating the percentage of the
body burned, the nurse uses a modified "Rule of Nines." Which part of a child's body is
calculated as a larger percentage of total body surface than an adult? - ✅A. head and
neck
The nurse receives a lab report stating a child with asthma has a theophylline level of
15 mcg/dl. What action will the nurse take? - ✅A. pass the information on in the report
A 12-month old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He
is placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority
for this infant? - ✅C. have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions
All of the following interventions can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing
and medical interventions used to treat diarrhea. Which intervention is least useful in the
nurse's evaluation of a 20-month-old child. - ✅B. assessing fontanels
A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea. The pediatrician
prescribed dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCI/100 mL to be infused
at 25mL/hr. Prior to initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment
finding? - ✅B. serum BUN and creatinine levels
The nurse is assigning care for a 4-year old child with otitis media and is concerned
about the child's increasing temperature over the past 24 hours. When planning care for
this child, it is important for the nurse to consider that: - ✅B. a tympanic measurement
of temperature will provide the most accurate reading
The nurse is assessing an 8-month old child who has a medical diagnosis of Tetrology
of Fallot. Which symptom is this client most likely to exhibit? - ✅D. clubbed fingers
As part of the physical assessment of children, the nurse observes and palpates the
fontanels. Which child's fontanel finding should be reported to the healthcare provider? -
✅A. A 5-month old with failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel
A preschool-age child who is hospitalized for hypospadias repair is most strongly
influenced by which behavior? - ✅C. concern for body integrity
An infant is born with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and surgery is planned to correct
the defect. The nurse recognizes that surgical correction is designed to achieve which
outcome? - ✅C. prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-year old female client who is
scheduled for surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by the client best
demonstrates that learning has taken place? - ✅D. I understand that I will be in a body
cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn.
To take the vital signs of a 4-month old child, which order will give the most accurate
results? - ✅A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
During routine screening at a school clinic, an otoscope examination of a child's ear
reveals a tympanic membrane that is pearly gray, slightly bulging, and not movable.
What action should the nurse take next? - ✅B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold,
runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair? - ✅C. elbow
restraints
What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an
infant with pyloric stenosis? - ✅D. observe for projectile vomiting.
A six-month-old returns from surgery with elbow restraints in place. What nursing care
should be included when caring for any restrained child? - ✅B. remove restraints one at
a time and provide range of motion exercises
A 2-year old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical
examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down
syndrome? - ✅A. congenital heart disease
When assessing a child with asthma, the nurse should expect intercostal retractions
during - ✅A. inspiration
When planning the care for a child who has had a cleft lip repair, the nurse knows that
crying should be minimized because it - ✅D. stresses the suture line
A full-term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the
nurse suspects that the infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms is this
newborn likely to have exhibited? - ✅A. choking, coughing, and cyanosis
Which behavior would the nurse expect a two-year-old child to exhibit? - ✅C. display
possessiveness of toys
the mother of a preschool-aged client asks the nurse if it is all right to administer Pepto
Bismal to her son when he 'has a tummy ache." After reminding the mother to check the
label of all OTC drugs for the presence of aspirin, which instruction should the nurse
, include when replying to this mother's question? - ✅B. do not give if the child has
chickenpox, the flu, or any other viral illness.
The nurse observes a 4-year old boy in a daycare setting. Which behavior should the
nurse consider normal for this client? - ✅C. demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting
when telling a story
A burned child is brought to the emergency room. In estimating the percentage of the
body burned, the nurse uses a modified "Rule of Nines." Which part of a child's body is
calculated as a larger percentage of total body surface than an adult? - ✅A. head and
neck
The nurse receives a lab report stating a child with asthma has a theophylline level of
15 mcg/dl. What action will the nurse take? - ✅A. pass the information on in the report
A 12-month old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He
is placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority
for this infant? - ✅C. have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions
All of the following interventions can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing
and medical interventions used to treat diarrhea. Which intervention is least useful in the
nurse's evaluation of a 20-month-old child. - ✅B. assessing fontanels
A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea. The pediatrician
prescribed dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCI/100 mL to be infused
at 25mL/hr. Prior to initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment
finding? - ✅B. serum BUN and creatinine levels
The nurse is assigning care for a 4-year old child with otitis media and is concerned
about the child's increasing temperature over the past 24 hours. When planning care for
this child, it is important for the nurse to consider that: - ✅B. a tympanic measurement
of temperature will provide the most accurate reading
The nurse is assessing an 8-month old child who has a medical diagnosis of Tetrology
of Fallot. Which symptom is this client most likely to exhibit? - ✅D. clubbed fingers
As part of the physical assessment of children, the nurse observes and palpates the
fontanels. Which child's fontanel finding should be reported to the healthcare provider? -
✅A. A 5-month old with failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel
A preschool-age child who is hospitalized for hypospadias repair is most strongly
influenced by which behavior? - ✅C. concern for body integrity
An infant is born with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and surgery is planned to correct
the defect. The nurse recognizes that surgical correction is designed to achieve which
outcome? - ✅C. prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
