NURS6501 FINAL TEST PREP / NURS 6501FINAL TEST PREP: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (LATEST 2022)

CHAPTER 32 1. A nurse recalls the major hormonal determinant of sexual differentiation in utero is: a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Growth hormone d. Testosterone d 2. A nurse is preparing to teach about puberty. Which information should the nurse include? One substance associated with puberty in males and females is the hormone: a. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) b. Luteinizing hormone (LH) c. Leptin d. Estrogen c 3. A nurse is discussing female anatomy. Which body structure contains the openings to the vagina and urinary meatus? a. Vestibule b. Mons pubis c. Introitus d. Perineal body a 4. While preparing to teach the staff about female anatomy, which information should be included? During the years that a woman is more likely to be sexually active, the vagina mucosa is protected from infection by: a. Presence of autoantibodies b. An acidic pH c. b Low estrogen levels d. Douching 5. When a staff member asks the nurse what the thick middle layer of the uterine wall is called, what is the nurse's best response? The: a. Epithelial layer b. Endometrium c. Myometrium d. Perimetrium c 6. A nurse recalls the _____ is lined with columnar epithelial cells. a. Perimetrium b. Endocervical canal c. Myometrium d. Vagina b 7. A nurse is preparing to teach about female anatomy. Which information should the nurse include? The female erectile organ that secretes smegma is called the: a. Introitus b. Bartholin glands c. Clitoris d. Labia minora c 8. A nurse is teaching about the menstrual cycle. Spinnbarkeit mucus is present during which stage of the menstrual cycle? a. Follicular b. Ovulation c. Luteal d. Menstrual b 9. When the nurse describes the duct that carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus, what is the nurse discussing? The: a. Isthmus b. Corpus c. Endocervical canal d. Fallopian tube d 10. A nurse is teaching the staff about female hormones. Which hormone promotes the formation of channels in the mucus of the cervical os to facilitate sperm movement into the uterus? a. LH b. FSH c. Progesterone d. Estrogen d 11. When a patient who is trying to get pregnant asks where the usual site of fertilization is, how should the nurse respond? The: a. Uterus b. Fimbriae c. Ampulla of the fallopian tubes d. Os of the fallopian tubes c 12. A nurse is teaching about the female anatomy. Which information should the nurse include? Cells of the ____ have receptors for gonadotropins. a. Uterus b. Breast c. Ovary d. Vagina c 13. The nurse is preparing to teach the staff about female anatomy. Which information b should the nurse include? The ova are contained within the ovarian: a. Corpus luteum b. Follicle c. Stroma d. Infundibulum 14. Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of female anatomy? Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle then develops into: a. An atretic follicle b. A theca cell c. A corpus luteum d. Scar tissue c 15. When a staff member asks the nurse what is the most potent of the following estrogens, what is the nurse's best response? It is: a. Estradiol b. Testosterone c. Estrone d. Estriol a 16. Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of progesterone? Progesterone is primarily secreted by the: a. Follicle b. Corpus luteum c. Granulose cells d. Anterior pituitary b 17. A 56-year-old female is in menopause. She has ovarian failure. While checking the lab results, which of the following will the nurse find? a. a Increased FSH b. Increased estrogen c. Decreased GnRH d. Decreased LH 18. Progesterone is often referred to as "the hormone of pregnancy," and the patient asks what this phrase means. How should the nurse respond? Progesterone is the hormone of pregnancy because it: a. Stimulates lactation b. Increases ciliary action in the fallopian tubes c. Thins the endometrium d. Prevents smooth muscle contraction of the uterus d 19. When the nurse is teaching about the menstrual cycle, which information should be included? Menstruation is followed by the _____ phase of the menstrual cycle. a. Follicular b. Luteal c. Secretory d. Ischemic a 20. Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of the menstrual cycle? When estrogen and progesterone levels drop, the endometrium enters the _____ phase. a. Proliferative b. Luteal c. Menstrual d. Recovery c 21. A staff member asks the nurse when ovulation occurs. What is the nurse's best response? During the menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs when: a. b There is a gradual decrease in estrogen levels. b. Inhibin B sharply spikes. c. A surge in progesterone occurs. d. Activin is released. 22. A nurse remembers the LH surge transforms granulosa cells into: a. Theca cells b. Corpus luteal cells c. Ova d. Fibroblasts b 23. A nurse is teaching about female hormones. Which information should the nurse include? Endometrial thickening during the proliferative phase is stimulated by increased levels of: a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. FSH d. Inhibin a 24. A student asks the instructor which of the following hormones stimulates follicular maturation. How should the instructor respond? a. Activin b. Inhibin c. LH d. Follistatin a 25. Changes in the cervical mucus can be used to identify the periods in which a female is most fertile. How should the nurse describe cervical mucus during ovulation? a. Blood-tinged b. d Thin and watery c. Absent d. Abundant and elastic 26. A clinician is preparing to teach about spermatogenesis. Which information should the clinician include? Spermatogenesis occurs in the: a. Epididymis b. Inguinal canals c. Seminiferous tubules d. Vas deferens c 27. When a nurse is describing the male anatomy, which paired glands lie posterior to the urinary bladder in the male? a. Seminal vesicles b. Prostate glands c. Cowper glands d. Parabladder glands a 28. A patient asks the nurse what is the most sensitive area of the penis. What is the nurse's best answer? The area of the penis with the most nerve endings is the: a. Foreskin b. Glans c. Corpora cavernosa d. Corpus spongiosum b 29. What term should the nurse use when discussing male sex hormones collectively? a. Gonadotropins b. Testosterones c. Catabolic steroids d d. Androgens 30. When discussing the difference between male and female sex hormones, which information should the nurse include? The major difference between male and female sex hormone production is that: a. LH has no apparent action in the male. b. Sex hormone production in the male is relatively constant. c. Estrogen is not produced in the male. d. In the male, GnRH does not cause the release of FSH. b 31. A nursing student asks the nurse where the glands of Montgomery are located. How should the nurse reply? The glands of Montgomery are located in the: a. Testes b. Breasts c. Uterus d. Vagina b 32. When a staff member asks which structure secretes glucose-rich fluid into the semen, how should the nurse respond? a. Seminal vesicles b. Ejaculatory duct c. Prostate gland d. Cowper gland a 33. When a teenager asks what makes the breast grow, what is the nurse's best response? The hormone that promotes breast development during puberty is: a. Progesterone b. Prolactin c. Oxytocin d. d Estradiol 34. When a breastfeeding mom asks what causes letdown, which information should the nurse give the patient? The hormone that plays a role in breast milk ejection (letdown) during lactation is: a. Cortisol b. Prolactin c. Oxytocin d. Progesterone c 35. While speaking to a group of older males, which information should the nurse share? The following is a normal characteristic of aging and the male reproductive system: a. Changes in libido are not related to health status. b. Tissue responsiveness to testosterone is increased. c. Testicles will hypertrophy. d. Refractory time after ejaculation is prolonged. d 36. The nurse is discussing information about menopause with an older woman. Which of the following characteristics are associated with declining ovarian function with age? (Select all that apply.) a. Vasomotor flush b. Decline in bone mass c. Decreased risk of coronary disease d. Atrophy of the uterus e. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding a,b,d,e 37. A 25-year-old female has a menstrual cycle of 28 days' duration and asks the nurse what day of the cycle will ovulation occur. The nurse responds that ovulation will occur on day _____. 14 CHAPTER 33 1. The descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the Cystocele vaginal canal is called a _____. 2. Which of the following signs is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer? a painless lump 3. A 35-year-old nonpregnant female presents with breast discharge and is diagnosed with galactorrhea. The condition is most likely caused by _____. Prolactin imbalance 4. During a routine pelvic exam, a 34-year-old female is found to have an ovarian cyst containing skin, hair, cartilage, and bone. This cyst is classified as a _____ cyst. Dermoid 5. A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with ovarian cancer. CT scan reveals that the cancer is limited to the ovaries. It would be classified as stage _____. I 6. A 21-year-old female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers? cervical 7. A 25-year-old female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism and is diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Lab testing will most likely reveal _____. Hyperinsulinemia 8. The most commonly occurring cancer of the female reproductive tract is _____ cancer. Endometrial 9. A 38-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cancer. She learns that her mother almost miscarried while pregnant with her and was given diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent it. Which of the following cancers does she most likely have? Vaginal 10. A 20-year-old female presents with pelvic and back pain severe enough to miss work beginning with the onset of menses. Physical examination supports the diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea. The most likely cause of her condition is _____. elevated prostaglandins 11. An 18-year-old female is diagnosed with dysmenorrhea. Which of the following symptoms will she most likely experience? Painful menstruation 12. A 30-year-old female with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is being counseled by her OB-GYN. The physician indicates that this condition often results in _____. Infertility 13. A 40-year-old female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. These tumors are commonly called _____. Leiomyomas 14. A 23-year-old sexually active female presents with white copious