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A cardiac defect that allows blood to shunt from the (high pressure) left
side of the heart to the (lower pressure) right side can result in which
condition?
a. Cyanosis
b. Heart failure
c. Decreased pulmonary blood flow
d. Bounding pulses in upper extremities
ANS: B
What blood flow pattern occurs in a ventricular septal defect?
a. Mixed blood flow
b. Increased pulmonary blood flow
c. Decreased pulmonary blood flow
d. Obstruction to blood flow from
ventricles ANS: B
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The physician suggests that surgery be performed for patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA) to prevent which complication?
a. Hypoxemia
b. Right-to-left shunt of blood
c. Decreased workload on the left side of the heart
d. Pulmonary vascular congestion
ANS: D
Which of the following conditions is often associated with severe diarrhea?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory
alkalosis ANS: A
What structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot?
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a. Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding
aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
b. Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular
hypertrophy
c. Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular
hypertrophy
d. Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic
hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy
ANS: A
After returning from cardiac catheterization, the nurse monitors the child’s
vital signs. The heart rate should be counted for how many seconds?
a. 15
b. 30
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c. 60
d. 120
ANS: C
After returning from cardiac catheterization, the nurse determines that the
pulse distal to the catheter insertion site is weaker. How should the nurse
respond?
a. Elevate the affected extremity.
b. Notify the practitioner of the observation.
c. Record data on the assessment flow record.
d. Apply warm compresses to the insertion site.
ANS: C
The nurse is caring for a school-age girl who has had a cardiac catheterization.
The child tells the nurse that her bandage is “too wet.” The nurse finds the
bandage and bed soaked with blood. What nursing action is most appropriate to
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