Module 1 Activities and Assessments
1. Summarize the three types of materials giving emphasis on their properties
Insulators, conductors, and semiconductors are the three types of materials. They are
classified based on how they allow the flow of electrons. Insulators oppose the flow of electrons.
It has a wide band gap between the conduction and valence band and free electrons are scarce.
Conductors allow the flow of electrons. It has no band gap between the conduction and valence
band and free electrons are abundant. Semiconductors can act as an insulator or conductor
depending on the applied energy because of their medium band gap. An intrinsic semiconductor
has no holes nor free electrons while an extrinsic semiconductor can have holes or free electrons.
2. Investigate on the different semiconductor devices, its construction and the inventors involved
on these devices.
Semiconductors have a wide range of uses because of their properties. Diodes, Bipolar
Junction Transistors, and Integrated Circuits are examples of semiconductor devices. The diode
is a two-terminal semiconductor device with a junction of p-type and n-type semiconductors.
Ferdinand Braun discovered the semiconductor diode in 1874. The Bipolar Junction Transistor is
a three-terminal semiconductor device. It is constructed in p-n-p or n-p-n configurations of two
p-n junctions. William Shockley invented the BJT in 1947. The Integrated Circuit is a complex
circuit integrated into one package. It can contain transistors, terminals, resistors, capacitors,
conducting paths, and diodes. These components are very small and are mostly semiconductors.
Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit in 1958.
3. Compare the two types of semiconductor materials.
A semiconductor material has two types namely: intrinsic or extrinsic semiconductor. An
intrinsic semiconductor has atoms with four valence electrons and the material has neither holes
nor free electrons. This material has no impurities in it. An extrinsic semiconductor is a material
wherein impure atoms are doped into a pure semiconductor so that holes or free electrons will be
formed. Depending on the doped impure atom, an extrinsic semiconductor can be p-type
(majority carriers are holes) or n-type (majority carriers are electrons).
4. Sketch the covalent bonding of the P-type and N-type material.
Module 2 Activities and Assessments
,1. Solve all voltages and currents of the circuit given silicon diode and supply voltage of 5V.
2. Name the different diodes and give its functions
Ordinary Diode
, 3. Draw the following rectifier circuits and discuss in your own words its operation.
a. Half-wave Rectifier Circuit
The half-wave rectifier circuit turns only the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage
supply into a half-wave DC voltage output. For the positive half-cycle, the top part of the
secondary winding has a positive voltage polarity, therefore, the diode will be forward-
biased, allowing current to flow. For the negative half-cycle, the top part of the secondary
winding has a negative voltage polarity, therefore, the diode will be reversed-biased,
restricting the current from flowing. Therefore, the resulting waveform is a half-wave DC
voltage output.
b. Full-wave Rectifier Circuit
The full-wave rectifier circuit turns both the positive and negative half-cycle of
the AC voltage supply into a full-wave DC voltage output. In this circuit, an AC voltage
is connected to a step-down center tap transformer.
For the positive half-cycle, the top part of the secondary winding has a positive
voltage polarity wherein diode 1 is forward-biased and diode 2 is reversed-biased.
Current will flow from the top part of the secondary winding to diode 1 then load resistor
and back to the center tap of the transformer.
For the negative half-cycle, the top part of the secondary winding has a negative
voltage polarity wherein diode 1 is reversed-biased and diode 2 is forward biased.
Current will flow from the bottom part of the secondary winding to diode 2 then load
resistor and back to the center tap of the transformer.
Therefore, the resulting waveform is a full-wave DC voltage output.
1. Summarize the three types of materials giving emphasis on their properties
Insulators, conductors, and semiconductors are the three types of materials. They are
classified based on how they allow the flow of electrons. Insulators oppose the flow of electrons.
It has a wide band gap between the conduction and valence band and free electrons are scarce.
Conductors allow the flow of electrons. It has no band gap between the conduction and valence
band and free electrons are abundant. Semiconductors can act as an insulator or conductor
depending on the applied energy because of their medium band gap. An intrinsic semiconductor
has no holes nor free electrons while an extrinsic semiconductor can have holes or free electrons.
2. Investigate on the different semiconductor devices, its construction and the inventors involved
on these devices.
Semiconductors have a wide range of uses because of their properties. Diodes, Bipolar
Junction Transistors, and Integrated Circuits are examples of semiconductor devices. The diode
is a two-terminal semiconductor device with a junction of p-type and n-type semiconductors.
Ferdinand Braun discovered the semiconductor diode in 1874. The Bipolar Junction Transistor is
a three-terminal semiconductor device. It is constructed in p-n-p or n-p-n configurations of two
p-n junctions. William Shockley invented the BJT in 1947. The Integrated Circuit is a complex
circuit integrated into one package. It can contain transistors, terminals, resistors, capacitors,
conducting paths, and diodes. These components are very small and are mostly semiconductors.
Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit in 1958.
3. Compare the two types of semiconductor materials.
A semiconductor material has two types namely: intrinsic or extrinsic semiconductor. An
intrinsic semiconductor has atoms with four valence electrons and the material has neither holes
nor free electrons. This material has no impurities in it. An extrinsic semiconductor is a material
wherein impure atoms are doped into a pure semiconductor so that holes or free electrons will be
formed. Depending on the doped impure atom, an extrinsic semiconductor can be p-type
(majority carriers are holes) or n-type (majority carriers are electrons).
4. Sketch the covalent bonding of the P-type and N-type material.
Module 2 Activities and Assessments
,1. Solve all voltages and currents of the circuit given silicon diode and supply voltage of 5V.
2. Name the different diodes and give its functions
Ordinary Diode
, 3. Draw the following rectifier circuits and discuss in your own words its operation.
a. Half-wave Rectifier Circuit
The half-wave rectifier circuit turns only the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage
supply into a half-wave DC voltage output. For the positive half-cycle, the top part of the
secondary winding has a positive voltage polarity, therefore, the diode will be forward-
biased, allowing current to flow. For the negative half-cycle, the top part of the secondary
winding has a negative voltage polarity, therefore, the diode will be reversed-biased,
restricting the current from flowing. Therefore, the resulting waveform is a half-wave DC
voltage output.
b. Full-wave Rectifier Circuit
The full-wave rectifier circuit turns both the positive and negative half-cycle of
the AC voltage supply into a full-wave DC voltage output. In this circuit, an AC voltage
is connected to a step-down center tap transformer.
For the positive half-cycle, the top part of the secondary winding has a positive
voltage polarity wherein diode 1 is forward-biased and diode 2 is reversed-biased.
Current will flow from the top part of the secondary winding to diode 1 then load resistor
and back to the center tap of the transformer.
For the negative half-cycle, the top part of the secondary winding has a negative
voltage polarity wherein diode 1 is reversed-biased and diode 2 is forward biased.
Current will flow from the bottom part of the secondary winding to diode 2 then load
resistor and back to the center tap of the transformer.
Therefore, the resulting waveform is a full-wave DC voltage output.
