ISTQB

Bug Synonyms: defect, fault, problem Defect A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function, e.g., an incorrect statement or data definition. A defect, if encountered during execution, may cause a failure of the component or system. - Synonyms: fault 00:02 01:36 Error - A human action that produces an incorrect result. - Synonyms: mistake Failure - Deviation of the component or system from its expected delivery, service or result. Fault - A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function, e.g., an incorrect statement or data definition. A defect, if encountered during execution, may cause a failure of the component or system. - Synonyms: defect Mistake - A human action that produces an incorrect result. - Synonyms: error Quality The degree to which a component, system or process meets specified requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations. Risk A factor that could result in future negative consequences. Debugging The process of finding, analyzing and removing the causes of failures in software. Requirement A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document. Review An evaluation of a product or project status to ascertain discrepancies from planned results and to recommend improvements. Examples include management review, informal review, technical review, inspection, and walkthrough. Test Case A set of input values, execution preconditions, expected results and execution postconditions, developed for a particular objective or test condition, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement. Testing The process consisting of all lifecycle activities, both static and dynamic, concerned with planning, preparation and evaluation of software products and related work products to determine that they satisfy specified requirements, to demonstrate that they are fit for purpose and to detect defects. Test Objective A reason or purpose for designing and executing a test. Exhaustive Testing A test approach in which the test suite comprises all combinations of input values and preconditions. Synonyms: complete testing Confirmation Testing - Testing that runs test cases that failed the last time they were run, in order to verify the success of corrective actions. - Synonyms: re-testing Re-Testing - Testing that runs test cases that failed the last time they were run, in order to verify the success of corrective actions. - Synonyms: Confirmation Testing Exit Criteria - The set of generic and specific conditions, agreed upon with the stakeholders for permitting a process to be officially completed. The purpose of exit criteria is to prevent a task from being considered completed when there are still outstanding parts of the task which have not been finished. Exit criteria are used to report against and to plan when to stop testing. - Synonyms: completion criteria, test completion criteria Incident - Any event occurring that requires investigation. - Synonyms: deviation, software test incident, test incident Regression Testing Testing of a previously tested program following modification to ensure that defects have not been introduced or uncovered in unchanged areas of the software, as a result of the changes made. It is performed when the software or its environment is changed. Test Condition - An item or event of a component or system that could be verified by one or more test cases, e.g., a function, transaction, feature, quality attribute, or structural element. - Synonyms: test requirement, test situation Test Coverage - The degree, expressed as a percentage, to which a specified coverage item has been exercised by a test suite. - Synonyms: coverage Test Data Data that exists (for example, in a database) before a test is executed, and that affects or is affected by the component or system under test. Test Execution The process of running a test on the component or system under test, producing actual result(s). Test Log - A chronological record of relevant details about the execution of tests. - Synonyms: test record, test run log Test Plan A document describing the scope, approach, resources and schedule of intended test activities. It identifies amongst others test items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks, who will do each task, degree of tester independence, the test environment, the test design techniques and entry and exit criteria to be used, and the rationale for their choice, and any risks requiring contingency planning. It is a record of the test planning process. Test Procedure - A document specifying a sequence of actions for the execution of a test. Also known as test script or manual test script. - Synonyms: test procedure, test scenario Test Policy A high-level document describing the principles, approach and major objectives of the organization regarding testing. Test Suite - A set of several test cases for a component or system under test, where the post condition of one test is often used as the precondition for the next one. - Synonyms: test case suite, test set Test Summary Report - A document summarizing testing activities and results. It also contains an evaluation of the corresponding test items against exit criteria. - Synonyms: test report Testware Artifacts produced during the test process required to plan, design, and execute tests, such as documentation, scripts, inputs, expected results, set-up and clear-up procedures, files, databases, environment, and any additional software or utilities used in testing. Error Guessing A test design technique where the experience of the tester is used to anticipate what defects might be present in the component or system under test as a result of errors made, and to design tests specifically to expose them. Independence of testing Separation of responsibilities, which encourages the accomplishment of objective testing. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) - A software product that is developed for the general market, i.e. for a large number of customers, and that is delivered to many customers in identical format. - Synonyms: off-the-shelf software Validation Confirmation by examination and through provision of objective evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled. Verification Confirmation by examination and through provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled. V-Model A framework to describe the software development lifecycle activities from requirements specification to maintenance. The V-model illustrates how testing activities can be integrated into each phase of the software development lifecycle. Incremental development model A development lifecycle where a project is broken into a series of increments, each of which delivers a portion of the functionality in the overall project requirements. The requirements are prioritized and delivered in priority order in the appropriate increment. In some (but not all) versions of this lifecycle model, each subproject follows a mini V-model with its own design, coding and testing phases. Alpha Testing Simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an independent test team at the developers' site, but outside the development organization. Alpha testing is often employed for commercial off-the-shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing. Beta Testing - Operational testing by potential and/or existing users/customers at an external site not otherwise involved with the developers, to determine whether or not a component or system satisfies the user/customer needs and fits within the business processes. Beta testing is often employed as a form of external acceptance testing for commercial off-the-shelf software in order to acquire feedback from the market. - Synonyms: field testing Component Testing - The testing of individual software components. - Synonyms: module testing, program testing, unit testing Driver - A software component or test tool that replaces a component that takes care of the control and/or the calling of a component or system. - Synonyms: test driver Field Testing Operational testing by potential and/or existing users/customers at an external site not otherwise involved with the developers, to determine whether or not a component or system satisfies the user/customer needs and fits within the business processes. Beta testing is often employed as a form of external acceptance testing for commercial off-the-shelf software in order to acquire feedback from the market. Synonyms: beta testing