BIOD 151/A & P 1 (Portage Learning) Final Exam Study Guide

BIOD 151/A & P 1 (Portage Learning) Final Exam Study Guide What is the study of the structure of the human body? A. Anatomy B. Physiology C. Anabolism D. Catabolism E. Metabolism Correct Answer: A. Anatomy --- is an example of the organ level of organization in the human body A. Sodium B. The liver C. Mitochondria D. The skeletal system E. Epithelium Correct Answer: B. The liver What is the breakdown of nutrients? A. Anatomy B. Physiology C. Anabolism D. Catabolism E. Metabolism Correct Answer: D. Catabolism List the four basic types of tissues. Correct Answer: Epithelium, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue List the three layers of the skin in order from superficial to deep. The most superficial layer of the skin should be at the top of your list. To receive credit the layers must be in this order. Correct Answer: epidermis (outer layer) dermis (middle layer) hypodermis (inner, also called subcutaneous tissue layer) *MUST be in this order (top to bottom) to receive credit Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. Based upon your learning of metabolism, would this be considered an anabolic or catabolic hormone? Explain why. Correct Answer: Catabolic because it is breaking down a larger substance into smaller parts (releasing energy in the process). What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the back of the body"? A. Superior B. Inferior C. Ventral D. Dorsal E. Medial Correct Answer: D. Dorsal What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the lower part of a structure"? A. Superior B. Inferior C. Ventral D. Dorsal E. Medial Correct Answer: B. Inferior What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the body surface"? Correct Answer: Superficial What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "closer to the point of attachment of a limb"? Correct Answer: Proximal You are looking at a diagram of a patient standing in anatomical position. On the sheet of paper containing the diagram, which thumb points to the right side of the paper, right or left? Correct Answer: Left Is the spine part of the axial or appendicular region of the body? Correct Answer: Axial A patient is standing with his hand covering his mouth. He returns his hand to his side, moving into anatomical position. What anatomical action term is best used to indicate the motion occurring at his elbow? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Elevation D. Depression E. Abduction Correct Answer: B. Extension ("opening of a joint") What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "upward movement of a structure"? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Elevation D. Depression E. Abduction Correct Answer: C. Elevation Describe the position of the epigastric region relative to the umbilical region in anatomical position terms. Use a full sentence for your description. Correct Answer: The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region. (OR) The umbilical region is inferior to the epigastric region. Which anatomical action is occurring at the elbow joint, in the direction of the arrow? Correct Answer: (Elbow) Flexion Look at the figure below. The right femur is moved in the direction of the arrow. What anatomical action term best describes this movement? Correct Answer: Abduction (The femur is moving away from midline) List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity. Correct Answer: The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs and the rectum True or False: The ventral body cavity contains the cranial cavity, the thoracic cavity, and the abdominal cavity. If your answer is false, rephrase the statement to make it a true statement. Correct Answer: False. The ventral cavity contains the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. (It does not contain the cranial cavity) The body is divided into superior and inferior sections by what type of plane? Correct Answer: Transverse or horizontal plane A sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline is referred to as what type of plane? Correct Answer: Median or midsagittal plane. Look at the diagram below. What type of plane is shown? Correct Answer: Frontal (coronal) Using the letters given, match the cell with the type of solution it has been placed in: A cell beginning to swell A red blood cell placed in ocean water A cell containing an equal amount of solute as the solution A. Isotonic B. Hypertonic C. Hypotonic Correct Answer: C. A cell beginning to swell B. A red blood cell placed in ocean water A. A cell containing an equal amount of solute as the solution Using the letters given, match each molecule/item with its typical means of entering a cell. You will need to use some means of entry more than once. Oxygen Lipid-soluble molecules Bacteria Polar molecules A. Diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion C. Endocytosis Correct Answer: A. Oxygen A. Lipid-soluble molecules C. Bacteria B. Polar molecules Which one of the following is not true of active transport?