What is a species? The basic unit of classification. Members of the same
species are capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring
How are species named? With the binomial system<div>The first name is their genus,
and the second their species </div>
What is significant about courtship behaviour and species? Members of the same
species have the same courtship behaviour, and their courtship behaviour is
specific to them
Why is courtship behaviour important? """It allows organisms to recognise
members of their own species, ensuring mating produces fertile offspring<div>It
allows organisms to identify a mate that is capable of
breeding </div><div><span style=""""color: var(--field-fg); background: var(--
field-bg);"""">The two organisms will form a pair bond, leading to successful
mating and the raising of offspring</span></div><div><span style=""""color: var(--
field-fg); background: var(--field-bg);"""">It ensures mating is synchronised for
the highest probability of fertilisation </span></div><div><span
style=""""color: var(--field-fg); background: var(--field-bg);"""">It brings
organisms into a physiological state where they are able to breed
</span></div>"""
What is courtship behaviour? The process where animals use signals to communicate
with a potential mate
What are the two kinds of classification and what do they mean? Artificial
classification- differentiating organisms based on characteristics that are visible
at the time, like colour, size, number of legs, etc<div>Phylogenetic
classification- classifying based on the evolutionary relationships between
organisms and their ancestors, using a hierarchy </div>
What is a hierarchy? Groups within groups with no overlap
What are the groups in linnaean hierarchy?
Domain<div>Kingdom</div><div>Phylum</div><div>Class</div><div>Order</
div><div>Family </div><div>Genus </div><div>Species </div>
What are the three domains? Bacteria, archaea and eukarya
What is species diversity? The number of different species and the number of
individuals of each species within any one community
What is genetic diversity? The variety of genes of the individuals in a
population
What is ecosystem diversity? The range of different habitats
What is species richness? The number of different species in a given
community
What is the index of diversity? A measure of species diversity that takes into
account the number of individuals of each species
Why has agriculture decreased biodiversity? For farmland to be successful, it
must have a low species diversity. This is because habitats must be removed, only
one type of crop must be grown at one time, and pesticides and fertilisers can
affect diversity elsewhere
What are some of the ways biodiversity in farming can be maintained? Maintain
existing hedgerows<div>Maintain ponds</div><div>Plant hedges as field
boundaries </div><div>Use less pesticides</div><div>Rotate nitrogen fixing
crops as well to avoid fertiliser use</div><div>Use hay instead of grass for
silage </div>
What are the three ways by which the genetic diversity of a population can be
investigated or the proximity of the relationship between different species?
Comparison of observable characteristics- this works on the fact that
characteristics are determined by genes<div>Comparison of DNA/mRNA base
sequences</div><div>Comparison of amino acid sequences in proteins</div>
How are immune systems used to compare proteins? Say we are comparing species
A and C<div>A protein common between species A and C is injected into species
B</div><div>Species B produces antibodies specific to the protein</div><div>This
antibody is mixed with the protein from species B </div><div>The more similar
the two proteins are, the more the antibody will bind to it, forming a
precipitate</div><br>The more precipitate produced, the more similar the two
species are capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring
How are species named? With the binomial system<div>The first name is their genus,
and the second their species </div>
What is significant about courtship behaviour and species? Members of the same
species have the same courtship behaviour, and their courtship behaviour is
specific to them
Why is courtship behaviour important? """It allows organisms to recognise
members of their own species, ensuring mating produces fertile offspring<div>It
allows organisms to identify a mate that is capable of
breeding </div><div><span style=""""color: var(--field-fg); background: var(--
field-bg);"""">The two organisms will form a pair bond, leading to successful
mating and the raising of offspring</span></div><div><span style=""""color: var(--
field-fg); background: var(--field-bg);"""">It ensures mating is synchronised for
the highest probability of fertilisation </span></div><div><span
style=""""color: var(--field-fg); background: var(--field-bg);"""">It brings
organisms into a physiological state where they are able to breed
</span></div>"""
What is courtship behaviour? The process where animals use signals to communicate
with a potential mate
What are the two kinds of classification and what do they mean? Artificial
classification- differentiating organisms based on characteristics that are visible
at the time, like colour, size, number of legs, etc<div>Phylogenetic
classification- classifying based on the evolutionary relationships between
organisms and their ancestors, using a hierarchy </div>
What is a hierarchy? Groups within groups with no overlap
What are the groups in linnaean hierarchy?
Domain<div>Kingdom</div><div>Phylum</div><div>Class</div><div>Order</
div><div>Family </div><div>Genus </div><div>Species </div>
What are the three domains? Bacteria, archaea and eukarya
What is species diversity? The number of different species and the number of
individuals of each species within any one community
What is genetic diversity? The variety of genes of the individuals in a
population
What is ecosystem diversity? The range of different habitats
What is species richness? The number of different species in a given
community
What is the index of diversity? A measure of species diversity that takes into
account the number of individuals of each species
Why has agriculture decreased biodiversity? For farmland to be successful, it
must have a low species diversity. This is because habitats must be removed, only
one type of crop must be grown at one time, and pesticides and fertilisers can
affect diversity elsewhere
What are some of the ways biodiversity in farming can be maintained? Maintain
existing hedgerows<div>Maintain ponds</div><div>Plant hedges as field
boundaries </div><div>Use less pesticides</div><div>Rotate nitrogen fixing
crops as well to avoid fertiliser use</div><div>Use hay instead of grass for
silage </div>
What are the three ways by which the genetic diversity of a population can be
investigated or the proximity of the relationship between different species?
Comparison of observable characteristics- this works on the fact that
characteristics are determined by genes<div>Comparison of DNA/mRNA base
sequences</div><div>Comparison of amino acid sequences in proteins</div>
How are immune systems used to compare proteins? Say we are comparing species
A and C<div>A protein common between species A and C is injected into species
B</div><div>Species B produces antibodies specific to the protein</div><div>This
antibody is mixed with the protein from species B </div><div>The more similar
the two proteins are, the more the antibody will bind to it, forming a
precipitate</div><br>The more precipitate produced, the more similar the two
