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HESI A2
VERSION 1
READING
COMPEHENSIO
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Doppler Effect
Have you ever wondered why the whistle of a traveling, distant
locomotive predicts its approach several yards before anyone actually sees
it? Or why an oncoming ambulance’s screaming siren is heard
momentarily several feet before the ambulance comes into full view,
before it passes you, and why its siren is still heard faintly well after the
ambulance is out of sight?
What you are witnessing is a scientific phenomenon known as the
Doppler Effect. What takes place is truly remarkable. In both of these
instances, when the train or ambulance moves toward the sound waves in
front of it, the sound waves are pulled closer together and have a higher
frequency. In either instance, the listener positioned in front of the
moving object hears a higher pitch. The ambulance and locomotive are
progressively moving away from the sound waves behind them, causing
the waves to be farther apart and to have a lower frequency. These fast-
approaching modes of transportation distance themselves past the
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listener, who hears a lower pitch.
Which statement is not listed as a detail in the passage?
o The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of high
frequency and closeness of waves.
o The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of low
frequency and closeness of waves.
o The whistling sound of the locomotive as it approaches and passes
can be explained by the Doppler effect.
o The high-pitched sound of the ambulance as it approaches and
passes can be explained by the Doppler effect.
What is the main idea of the passage?
o Trains and ambulances make distinctly loud noises.
o Low-frequency waves make high-pitched sounds.
o High-frequency waves make low-pitched sounds.
o The Doppler Effect explains the rationale for why sound is heard
initially more strongly and then faintly after a moving object has
passed.
What is the meaning of the word phenomenon in the second paragraph?
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o Something that is lifeless to the senses
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o Something that is nonchalant
o Something that is significant but unusual
o Something that is chemical in origin
What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay?
o To entertain the reader with information about trains and
ambulances
o To inform the reader about avoiding accidents, which involve trains
and ambulances
o To inform the reader about how movement affects sound
o To analyze the difference between train and ambulance sounds
Which sound waves have a higher pitch?
o Those waves that are closer together
o Those waves that are farther apart
o Those waves that travel a long distance
o Those waves that travel a short distance
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