PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
on Understanding the SELF
Learning Outcome:
1. Identify the different psychological concepts of self.
2. explain how the concepts of self in fluence behavior.
Personality refers to our enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions and behaviors which
characterize how we adapt to our world.
PSYCHODYNAMIC VIEW sees personality as primarily unconscious, occurring in stages and
being linked to early experiences.
SIGMUND FREUD: believed that levels of mind include conscious, subconscious and
unconscious but behavior is motivated more by our unconscious motives, fears, desires etc
3 Personality Structures
ID houses biological instincts, completely unconscious, operates according to pleasure principle.
EGO operates according to reality principle.
SUPEREGO is the moral branch of personality.
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Gives emphasis on personal experience and person’s capacity for growth and freewill to
determine his own destiny.
CARL ROGERS focused on self-concept which is the person’s overall perception of his
abilities, behavior and personality.
3 conditions to have growth promoting climate: unconditional positive regard,
Empathy
ABRAHAM MASLOW assumed that people are free to shape their own lives and desire to
achieve self-actualization. There is a hierarchy of NEEDS that we satisfy:
1. Physiological need or biological needs such as food, water, sleep.
2. Safety or security needs to be safe from danger, illness or threat.
3.Belongingness Need is to love and be loved in return, to socialize and have friends.
4. Self-esteem need means being accepted, respected and valued by others.
5. Self-actualization refers to self-fulfillment or achievement of one’s potentialities.
BEHAVIORISM asserts that the observable behaviors of a person are in fact the personality
and emphasize the importance of the environment in determining behaviors and thus
personality.
Stimulus Response Theory is a concept in psychology that refers to the belief that
behavior manifests as a result of the interplay between stimulus and response. Stimulus
is anything that produces response.
BF SKINNER, states that behavior that is positively reinforced tend to be repeated and if
not it will subside (Law of Effect).
ALBERT BANDURA, behavior is mostly developed through observation and imitation. He
thinks that human beings are simply pawns to the environment.
on Understanding the SELF
Learning Outcome:
1. Identify the different psychological concepts of self.
2. explain how the concepts of self in fluence behavior.
Personality refers to our enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions and behaviors which
characterize how we adapt to our world.
PSYCHODYNAMIC VIEW sees personality as primarily unconscious, occurring in stages and
being linked to early experiences.
SIGMUND FREUD: believed that levels of mind include conscious, subconscious and
unconscious but behavior is motivated more by our unconscious motives, fears, desires etc
3 Personality Structures
ID houses biological instincts, completely unconscious, operates according to pleasure principle.
EGO operates according to reality principle.
SUPEREGO is the moral branch of personality.
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Gives emphasis on personal experience and person’s capacity for growth and freewill to
determine his own destiny.
CARL ROGERS focused on self-concept which is the person’s overall perception of his
abilities, behavior and personality.
3 conditions to have growth promoting climate: unconditional positive regard,
Empathy
ABRAHAM MASLOW assumed that people are free to shape their own lives and desire to
achieve self-actualization. There is a hierarchy of NEEDS that we satisfy:
1. Physiological need or biological needs such as food, water, sleep.
2. Safety or security needs to be safe from danger, illness or threat.
3.Belongingness Need is to love and be loved in return, to socialize and have friends.
4. Self-esteem need means being accepted, respected and valued by others.
5. Self-actualization refers to self-fulfillment or achievement of one’s potentialities.
BEHAVIORISM asserts that the observable behaviors of a person are in fact the personality
and emphasize the importance of the environment in determining behaviors and thus
personality.
Stimulus Response Theory is a concept in psychology that refers to the belief that
behavior manifests as a result of the interplay between stimulus and response. Stimulus
is anything that produces response.
BF SKINNER, states that behavior that is positively reinforced tend to be repeated and if
not it will subside (Law of Effect).
ALBERT BANDURA, behavior is mostly developed through observation and imitation. He
thinks that human beings are simply pawns to the environment.
