NASM-CPT Exam
Obesity - Answer Person with a BMI of 30 or greater.
bone - Answer Individuals who exercise regularly have greater peak __________ mass.
feedback - Answer Repeated practices, as well as internal and external __________,
allows for efficient movement to be reproduced (motor learning).
proprioception - Answer Research has demonstrated that __________ is altered after
injury.
Muscle Synergies - Answer Groups of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to produce
movement.
length-tension relationships - Answer To ensure the HMS moves properly, it must
exhibit proper force-couple relationships, which can only happen if the muscles are at a
good __________ and the joints have proper arthrokinematics (joint motion).
Force Couple - Answer Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a
joint.
Length-Tension Relationships - Answer The resting length of a muscle and the tension
the muscle can produce at this resting length.
Isotonic - constant muscle tension; eccentric - muscle develops tension while
lengthening, i.e., the bottom of a lunge; concentric - muscle shortens (contractile force
greater than resistive force), i.e. coming out of a lunge; isometric - no visible change in
muscle length, i.e., "pause" at the bottom of a lunge; isokinetic - muscle shortens at
constant speed (used mainly in rehab settings). - Answer List and describe the five
types of muscle actions.
scapular retraction (shoulder blades together), scapular protraction (shoulder blades
apart), scapular depression (shoulder blades down), scapular elevation (shoulder
blades up) - Answer What are the four types of scapular motion?
Frontal Plane - Answer Creates front and back halves; motion - adduction/abduction,
lateral flexion, eversion/inversion; axis - anterior/posterior; example - side lunge (side to
side)
Sagittal Plane - Answer Bisects body into right and left sides; movements -
flexion/extension; axis - coronal; examples - bicep curl, squat, walking, climbing stairs
(front and back)
,Anatomic Position - Answer The position of the body erect with arms at sides and palms
forward.
Transverse Plane - Answer Motion - internal/external rotation, left/right rotation,
horizontal adduction/abduction; axis - longitudinal; examples - throwing, golfing,
swinging a bat, trunk rotation (turn or rotate)
Ipsilateral - Answer Same side of the body (i.e., right foot is __________ to right hand)
Contralateral - Answer Opposite side of the body (i.e., right foot is __________ to left
hand)
Lateral - Answer Relatively far from the midline or toward the outside of the body
Medial - Answer Relatively close to the midline of the body (i.e., adductors)
Posterior - Answer Position on or toward the back of the body
Anterior - Answer Position on or toward the front of the body
Distal - Answer Position away from the center of the body or point of reference (i.e.,
ankle is distal to hip more than knee)
Proximal - Answer Position nearest to the center of the body or point of reference (i.e.,
knee is proximal to hip more than ankle)
Inferior - Answer Position below a reference point
Superior - Answer Position above a reference point
Biomechanics - Answer The science concerned with the internal and external forces
acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.
Conducting - Answer Air travels through all the structures of the __________ airways
before entering the respiratory airways.
Diffusion - Answer The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of
the body.
Respiratory System - Answer A system of organs that collects oxygen from the external
environment and transports it to the bloodstream (primary role is to ensure proper
cellular function).
aorta - Answer The largest artery in the body is the __________.
,Arteries - carry blood away from the heart; capillaries - site of exchange between the
blood and the tissues; veins - carry blood back to the heart - Answer What are the three
major types of blood vessels?
Blood Vessels - Answer Network of hollow tubes that allow blood to be transported to
and from the heart.
4; 6 - Answer The average adult has between _____ to _____ L of blood in his or her
body.
Blood - Answer Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries
nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products.
(See Table 3.1, p. 39.)
Cardiac Output - Answer The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute (mL
blood/min.), "the overall performance of the heart; Heart Rate x Stroke Vol. = Cardiac
Output
Stroke Volume - Answer The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each
contraction (EDV minus ESV).
thin; thick - Answer The right ventricle has _____ walls (pumps under low pressure),
while the left ventricle has _____ walls (pumps under high pressure).
Atrium - Answer The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins
and forces it into the ventricles.
Ventricle - Answer The inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from its
corresponding atrium and in turn, forces blood into the arteries.
systemic - Answer The left side of the heart is referred to as the __________ side,
because it pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
pulmonic - Answer The right side of the heart is known as the _________ side because
it receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs then back to the left atria.
atrium; ventricle - Answer Each side of the heart has two chambers: an __________
and a __________.
70; 80 - Answer The typical resting HR is between _____ and _____ BPM.
involuntary - Answer Cardiac muscle is __________ muscle, meaning that it typically
cannot be consciously controlled.
Heart - Answer A muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push blood throughout
the body. (The heart is contained in the mediastinum in the chest.)
, Cardiovascular System - Answer A system of the body composed of the heart, blood,
and blood vessels.
The Cardiovascular System and the Respiratory System - Answer What two systems
compose the cardiorespiratory system?
pituitary gland - Answer What gland is referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine
system?
hormone secreting - Answer What does the term "endocrine" mean?
The Endocrine System - Answer A system of glands that secrete hormones into the
bloodstream to regulate a variety of bodily functions (including the control of mood,
growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism)
Stabilizers - Answer Muscles that support or stabilize the body (i.e., transversus
abdominis, internal oblique, and multifidus stabilize the LPHC during hip extension) -
Table 2.6, pg. 46
Antagonists - Answer Muscles that perform the opposite action of the prime mover aka
agonist (i.e., psoas is the antagonist to the glute max. in hip extension) - Table 2.6, pg.
46
Agonists - Answer Muscles that act as prime movers/most responsible for a particular
movement (i.e., glute max. in hip extension) - Table 2.6, pg. 46
Synergists - Answer Muscles that assist prime movers during movement (i.e.,
hamstrings and erector spinae are synergistic with glute max. during hip extension) -
Table 2.6, pg. 46
Type II (Fast-Twitch) - Answer Muscles larger in size, quick to produce maximal tension,
fatigue quicker, have less capillaries, and are ideal for sprinting
The "All or Nothing" Law - Answer What states that muscles contract maximally or not
at all?
less; more - Answer Muscles that have to control precise movements have _____
muscle fibers, whereas larger muscles that require less fine control have _____ muscle
fibers.
Type I (Slow-Twitch) - Answer Muscle fibers that are smaller in size, slower to produce
maximal tension, more resistant to fatigue, have more capillaries, and are ideal for long-
distance running
Overweight - Answer A person with a BMI of 25 to 29.9
Obesity - Answer Person with a BMI of 30 or greater.
bone - Answer Individuals who exercise regularly have greater peak __________ mass.
feedback - Answer Repeated practices, as well as internal and external __________,
allows for efficient movement to be reproduced (motor learning).
proprioception - Answer Research has demonstrated that __________ is altered after
injury.
Muscle Synergies - Answer Groups of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to produce
movement.
length-tension relationships - Answer To ensure the HMS moves properly, it must
exhibit proper force-couple relationships, which can only happen if the muscles are at a
good __________ and the joints have proper arthrokinematics (joint motion).
Force Couple - Answer Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a
joint.
Length-Tension Relationships - Answer The resting length of a muscle and the tension
the muscle can produce at this resting length.
Isotonic - constant muscle tension; eccentric - muscle develops tension while
lengthening, i.e., the bottom of a lunge; concentric - muscle shortens (contractile force
greater than resistive force), i.e. coming out of a lunge; isometric - no visible change in
muscle length, i.e., "pause" at the bottom of a lunge; isokinetic - muscle shortens at
constant speed (used mainly in rehab settings). - Answer List and describe the five
types of muscle actions.
scapular retraction (shoulder blades together), scapular protraction (shoulder blades
apart), scapular depression (shoulder blades down), scapular elevation (shoulder
blades up) - Answer What are the four types of scapular motion?
Frontal Plane - Answer Creates front and back halves; motion - adduction/abduction,
lateral flexion, eversion/inversion; axis - anterior/posterior; example - side lunge (side to
side)
Sagittal Plane - Answer Bisects body into right and left sides; movements -
flexion/extension; axis - coronal; examples - bicep curl, squat, walking, climbing stairs
(front and back)
,Anatomic Position - Answer The position of the body erect with arms at sides and palms
forward.
Transverse Plane - Answer Motion - internal/external rotation, left/right rotation,
horizontal adduction/abduction; axis - longitudinal; examples - throwing, golfing,
swinging a bat, trunk rotation (turn or rotate)
Ipsilateral - Answer Same side of the body (i.e., right foot is __________ to right hand)
Contralateral - Answer Opposite side of the body (i.e., right foot is __________ to left
hand)
Lateral - Answer Relatively far from the midline or toward the outside of the body
Medial - Answer Relatively close to the midline of the body (i.e., adductors)
Posterior - Answer Position on or toward the back of the body
Anterior - Answer Position on or toward the front of the body
Distal - Answer Position away from the center of the body or point of reference (i.e.,
ankle is distal to hip more than knee)
Proximal - Answer Position nearest to the center of the body or point of reference (i.e.,
knee is proximal to hip more than ankle)
Inferior - Answer Position below a reference point
Superior - Answer Position above a reference point
Biomechanics - Answer The science concerned with the internal and external forces
acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.
Conducting - Answer Air travels through all the structures of the __________ airways
before entering the respiratory airways.
Diffusion - Answer The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of
the body.
Respiratory System - Answer A system of organs that collects oxygen from the external
environment and transports it to the bloodstream (primary role is to ensure proper
cellular function).
aorta - Answer The largest artery in the body is the __________.
,Arteries - carry blood away from the heart; capillaries - site of exchange between the
blood and the tissues; veins - carry blood back to the heart - Answer What are the three
major types of blood vessels?
Blood Vessels - Answer Network of hollow tubes that allow blood to be transported to
and from the heart.
4; 6 - Answer The average adult has between _____ to _____ L of blood in his or her
body.
Blood - Answer Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries
nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products.
(See Table 3.1, p. 39.)
Cardiac Output - Answer The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute (mL
blood/min.), "the overall performance of the heart; Heart Rate x Stroke Vol. = Cardiac
Output
Stroke Volume - Answer The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each
contraction (EDV minus ESV).
thin; thick - Answer The right ventricle has _____ walls (pumps under low pressure),
while the left ventricle has _____ walls (pumps under high pressure).
Atrium - Answer The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins
and forces it into the ventricles.
Ventricle - Answer The inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from its
corresponding atrium and in turn, forces blood into the arteries.
systemic - Answer The left side of the heart is referred to as the __________ side,
because it pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
pulmonic - Answer The right side of the heart is known as the _________ side because
it receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs then back to the left atria.
atrium; ventricle - Answer Each side of the heart has two chambers: an __________
and a __________.
70; 80 - Answer The typical resting HR is between _____ and _____ BPM.
involuntary - Answer Cardiac muscle is __________ muscle, meaning that it typically
cannot be consciously controlled.
Heart - Answer A muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push blood throughout
the body. (The heart is contained in the mediastinum in the chest.)
, Cardiovascular System - Answer A system of the body composed of the heart, blood,
and blood vessels.
The Cardiovascular System and the Respiratory System - Answer What two systems
compose the cardiorespiratory system?
pituitary gland - Answer What gland is referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine
system?
hormone secreting - Answer What does the term "endocrine" mean?
The Endocrine System - Answer A system of glands that secrete hormones into the
bloodstream to regulate a variety of bodily functions (including the control of mood,
growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism)
Stabilizers - Answer Muscles that support or stabilize the body (i.e., transversus
abdominis, internal oblique, and multifidus stabilize the LPHC during hip extension) -
Table 2.6, pg. 46
Antagonists - Answer Muscles that perform the opposite action of the prime mover aka
agonist (i.e., psoas is the antagonist to the glute max. in hip extension) - Table 2.6, pg.
46
Agonists - Answer Muscles that act as prime movers/most responsible for a particular
movement (i.e., glute max. in hip extension) - Table 2.6, pg. 46
Synergists - Answer Muscles that assist prime movers during movement (i.e.,
hamstrings and erector spinae are synergistic with glute max. during hip extension) -
Table 2.6, pg. 46
Type II (Fast-Twitch) - Answer Muscles larger in size, quick to produce maximal tension,
fatigue quicker, have less capillaries, and are ideal for sprinting
The "All or Nothing" Law - Answer What states that muscles contract maximally or not
at all?
less; more - Answer Muscles that have to control precise movements have _____
muscle fibers, whereas larger muscles that require less fine control have _____ muscle
fibers.
Type I (Slow-Twitch) - Answer Muscle fibers that are smaller in size, slower to produce
maximal tension, more resistant to fatigue, have more capillaries, and are ideal for long-
distance running
Overweight - Answer A person with a BMI of 25 to 29.9
