EMT FISDAP Cardiology Exam 2022 /2023 with Answers

Which intervention or interventions would have the MOST positive impact on the cardiac arrest patient's outcome? - ANSWER Early CPR and defibrillation The AED gives "no shock" message to a patient who is in cardiac arrest. You should: - ANSWER Resume chest compressions What is the maximum amount of time that should be spent checking for spontaneous breathing in an unresponsive child? - ANSWER 10 seconds When performing CPR on an adult, you should compress the chest to a depth of ___ at a rate of ___. - ANSWER 2.0-2.4 in, 100-150BPM What is the appropriate compression to ventilation ratio for adult two-rescuer CPR? - ANSWER 30:2 When checking for a pulse in an infant, which artery should you palpate? - ANSWER Brachial When performing CPR on an adult or child, you should reassess the patient for return of respirations/circulation every ____ minutes. - ANSWER 2 What is the preferred method of removing a foreign body in an unresponsive child? - ANSWER Chest compressions Cardiogenic shock is caused by: - ANSWER Inadequate function of the heart muscle Pericardial effusion - ANSWER Collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium Cardiac tamponade - ANSWER Occurs when blood leaks into the space between the pericardium and the pericardial sac Signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade: - ANSWER Beck triad: the presence of jugular vein distention, muffled heart sounds, and a narrowing pulse pressure where the systolic and diastolic blood pressures start to merge. Signs of cardiogenic shock: - ANSWER -Skin may be cool, clammy, and ashen -High BP -Rapid, shallow breathing -Weak, irregular pulse -Anxiety, nausea You arrive on scene to find a conscious 58YOF sitting up and reporting severe chest pain and SOB. She is anxious and "feels like she's going to die." Her skin is pale, cool, and clammy and her pulse is rapid, weak, and irregular. Her breathing is labored, with a RR of 28 breaths/min. Her SpO2 is 90%. Lung sounds show crackles in all fields, and BP is 92/60 mmHg. What is your differential diagnosis of the patient? - ANSWER Cardiogenic shock The heart is divided down the middle into left and right sides by the: - ANSWER Septum Which chamber of the heart receives incoming unoxygenated blood? - ANSWER Atrium Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood? - ANSWER Ventricles Normal electrical impulses begin in the: - ANSWER Sinoatrial (SA) node What characteristic allows a cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without an external stimulus? - ANSWER Automaticity The sympathetic nervous system acts on the body by: - ANSWER -increasing HR and RR -constricting blood vessels in the muscles The parasympathetic nervous system acts on the body by: - ANSWER (directly opposes the sympathetic NS) -decreases HR and RR -constricts blood vessels in muscles Increased oxygen demand in a normal heart is supplied by ______ of the coronary arteries. - ANSWER Dilation The heart itself is supplied by blood through what vessels? - ANSWER Coronary vessels The iliac arteries descend into the: - ANSWER femoral arteries Which veins bring blood back to the right atrium? - ANSWER Venae cavae Systolic pressure is the: - ANSWER maximum pressure generated in the arteries during contraction of the left ventricle Pulses felt in the extremities are called: - ANSWER Peripheral pulses Pulses felt near the trunk of the body are called: - ANSWER Central pulses Decrease in blood flow to the heart is called: - ANSWER ischemia Disorder in which calcium an cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls of the blood vessels is called: - ANSWER Athersclerosis Occlusion: - ANSWER Complete blockage of an artery A blood clot that floats through blood vessels until it reaches an area too narrow to pass, causing it to stop and block blood flow is called: - ANSWER Thromboembolism If a blockage occurs in a coronary artery, the condition is known as: - ANSWER Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Acute Coronary Syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by: - ANSWER MI ACS can be caused by: - ANSWER 1. Angina pectoris 2. Acute myocardial infarction Angina is most often a symptom of: - ANSWER Athersclerotic coronary artery disease Angina occurs when: - ANSWER The heart's need for oxygen exceeds the supply Signs and symptoms of angina: - ANSWER -crushing, squeezing, "like somebody standing on their chest" -Usually felt in midportion of chest under sternum, can radiate to jaw, back, or epigastrum -Pain goes away after 3-8 min -Associated with SOB, nausea, vomiting Stable angina can be relieved with: - ANSWER rest, NTG, supplemental oxygen Unstable angina is characterized by: - ANSWER pain in the chest of coronary origin that stays regardless of rest/NTG/O2 Signs and symptoms of AMI: - ANSWER -sudden onset of weakness, nausea, sweating -chest pain, discomfort, or pressure that is either crushing or squeezing and doesn't change with each breath -Pain, discomfort, pressure in lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, neck -irregular HR -Syncope