NASM CPT EXAM
nervous system - Answer communication network within the body.
nervous system functions - Answer 1. sensory: changes in the environment
2. integrative: analyze and interpret
3. motor: the neuromuscular response
Central nervous system (CNS) - Answer brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of
the body
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answer nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of
the body and environment.
subdivisions:
- somatic
- autonomic
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Somatic - Answer - apart of the PNS
- serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary
Autonomic - Answer - apart of the PNS
- involuntary systems (e.g., heart, digestion).
subdivisions:
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Answer - apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- decreases activation during rest and recovery.
Sympathetic - Answer - apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- increases activation to prep for activity.
neuron - Answer functional unit of the nervous system.
- motor (efferent)
- sensory (afferent)
motor neurons - Answer - efferent
- transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.
sensory neurons - Answer - afferent
,- respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS.
mechanoreceptors - Answer sense distortion in body tissues.
Joint receptors - Answer respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.
Golgi tendon organs (GTO) - Answer sense changes in muscular tension.
Muscle spindles - Answer sense changes in muscle length.
Tendons - Answer connect muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce
force.
Fascia - Answer outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle.
Fascicles - Answer bundle of individual muscle fibers.
Muscle fiber - Answer cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma
membrane.
Sarcomere - Answer produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and
myosin.
Sliding filament theory - Answer thick and thin filaments slide past one another,
shortening the entire sarcomere.
Type I muscle tissue - Answer - slow twitch
- smaller size; fatigue slowly.
Type II muscle tissue - Answer - fast twitch
- larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly.
Motor unit - Answer one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.
Neural activation - Answer contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.
Neurotransmitters - Answer chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to
muscle.
Local stabilization system - Answer attach directly to vertebrae. Consists of: transverse
abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm.
Global stabilization system - Answer attach from pelvis to spine. Consists of: quadratus
lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor
complex, portions of internal oblique.
,Movement system - Answer attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities. Consists of:
latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps.
Axial skeleton - Answer skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular skeleton - Answer upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic
girdles.
Skeletal system functions - Answer supports, protects, allows bodily movement,
produces blood, stores minerals.
Skeletal depressions - Answer lattened or indented portions of abone;can be muscle
attachment sites.
Skeletal Processes - Answer projection protruding from a bone; muscles, tendons, and
ligaments can attach.
Ligaments - Answer connects bone to bone; little blood supply; slow to heal.
Arthrokinematics - Answer joint motion.
Non-synovial joints - Answer nojoint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no
movement.
Synovial joints - Answer held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with
movement.
Major motion types - Answer roll, slide, and spin.
Hinge joint - Answer elbows, ankles; sagittal plane movement.
Ball-and-socket joint - Answer shoulders, hips ;most mobile, all three planes of motion.
Weight-bearing exercise - Answer the best method of exercise to strengthen bones.
Endocrine system - Answer system of glands; secretes hormones to regulate bodily
function
Testosterone - Answer responsible for male sex traits.
Estrogen - Answer influences fat deposition on hips, buttocks, and thighs; responsible
for female sex traits.
Growth hormone - Answer anabolic hormone; responsible for bodily growth up until
puberty.
, Insulin - Answer regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body.
Cardiorespiratory system - Answer cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Cardiovascular system - Answer heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle - Answer shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle;
involuntary.
Atria - Answer smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins
Right atrium - Answer gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart.
Left atrium - Answer gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Sinoatrial (SA) node - Answer located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate;
"pacemaker for the heart".
Ventricles - Answer larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.
Right ventricle - Answer pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Left ventricle - Answer pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries - Answer carry blood away from the heart.
Veins - Answer transport blood back to the heart.
Arterioles - Answer mall branches of arteries; end in capillaries
Capillaries - Answer smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange.
Functions of blood - Answer 1. transportation: oxygen, nutrients, hormones
2. regulation: temperature, pH
3. protection: clotting, immunity
Venules - Answer very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.
Stroke volume - Answer amount of blood pumped with each contraction.
Heart rate - Answer the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult= 70-80
bpm.
Cardiac output - Answer volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate ×stroke volume
nervous system - Answer communication network within the body.
nervous system functions - Answer 1. sensory: changes in the environment
2. integrative: analyze and interpret
3. motor: the neuromuscular response
Central nervous system (CNS) - Answer brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of
the body
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answer nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of
the body and environment.
subdivisions:
- somatic
- autonomic
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Somatic - Answer - apart of the PNS
- serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary
Autonomic - Answer - apart of the PNS
- involuntary systems (e.g., heart, digestion).
subdivisions:
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Answer - apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- decreases activation during rest and recovery.
Sympathetic - Answer - apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- increases activation to prep for activity.
neuron - Answer functional unit of the nervous system.
- motor (efferent)
- sensory (afferent)
motor neurons - Answer - efferent
- transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.
sensory neurons - Answer - afferent
,- respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS.
mechanoreceptors - Answer sense distortion in body tissues.
Joint receptors - Answer respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.
Golgi tendon organs (GTO) - Answer sense changes in muscular tension.
Muscle spindles - Answer sense changes in muscle length.
Tendons - Answer connect muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce
force.
Fascia - Answer outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle.
Fascicles - Answer bundle of individual muscle fibers.
Muscle fiber - Answer cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma
membrane.
Sarcomere - Answer produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and
myosin.
Sliding filament theory - Answer thick and thin filaments slide past one another,
shortening the entire sarcomere.
Type I muscle tissue - Answer - slow twitch
- smaller size; fatigue slowly.
Type II muscle tissue - Answer - fast twitch
- larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly.
Motor unit - Answer one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.
Neural activation - Answer contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.
Neurotransmitters - Answer chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to
muscle.
Local stabilization system - Answer attach directly to vertebrae. Consists of: transverse
abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm.
Global stabilization system - Answer attach from pelvis to spine. Consists of: quadratus
lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor
complex, portions of internal oblique.
,Movement system - Answer attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities. Consists of:
latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps.
Axial skeleton - Answer skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular skeleton - Answer upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic
girdles.
Skeletal system functions - Answer supports, protects, allows bodily movement,
produces blood, stores minerals.
Skeletal depressions - Answer lattened or indented portions of abone;can be muscle
attachment sites.
Skeletal Processes - Answer projection protruding from a bone; muscles, tendons, and
ligaments can attach.
Ligaments - Answer connects bone to bone; little blood supply; slow to heal.
Arthrokinematics - Answer joint motion.
Non-synovial joints - Answer nojoint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no
movement.
Synovial joints - Answer held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with
movement.
Major motion types - Answer roll, slide, and spin.
Hinge joint - Answer elbows, ankles; sagittal plane movement.
Ball-and-socket joint - Answer shoulders, hips ;most mobile, all three planes of motion.
Weight-bearing exercise - Answer the best method of exercise to strengthen bones.
Endocrine system - Answer system of glands; secretes hormones to regulate bodily
function
Testosterone - Answer responsible for male sex traits.
Estrogen - Answer influences fat deposition on hips, buttocks, and thighs; responsible
for female sex traits.
Growth hormone - Answer anabolic hormone; responsible for bodily growth up until
puberty.
, Insulin - Answer regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body.
Cardiorespiratory system - Answer cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Cardiovascular system - Answer heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle - Answer shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle;
involuntary.
Atria - Answer smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins
Right atrium - Answer gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart.
Left atrium - Answer gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Sinoatrial (SA) node - Answer located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate;
"pacemaker for the heart".
Ventricles - Answer larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.
Right ventricle - Answer pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Left ventricle - Answer pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries - Answer carry blood away from the heart.
Veins - Answer transport blood back to the heart.
Arterioles - Answer mall branches of arteries; end in capillaries
Capillaries - Answer smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange.
Functions of blood - Answer 1. transportation: oxygen, nutrients, hormones
2. regulation: temperature, pH
3. protection: clotting, immunity
Venules - Answer very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.
Stroke volume - Answer amount of blood pumped with each contraction.
Heart rate - Answer the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult= 70-80
bpm.
Cardiac output - Answer volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate ×stroke volume
