Learner Centered Instructional Strategies
(Santrock, 2011)
Problem-Based Learning
This strategy Emphasized real life problem solving. It exposes learners to authentic life
problems that they meet in their daily lives.
Essential Questions
Questions will be asked to perplexed the student and would provoke students’ curiosity.
These are questions considered to be creative.
Discovery Learning
This approach is in contrast with the direct-instruction approach. Teachers create the
situation where students explore and figure out things for themselves.
Learning Point: Theories of Learning
BEHAVIORISM
Is a world view that assumes that the learner is essentially passive, responding to
environment stimuli
An opposed notion to the idea of learning as introspection
Emerged as a perspective on early 1900s through the research effort of Ivan Pavlov and
Edward Lee Thorndike
The learner starts off with a clean state ( Tabula Rasa)
Behavior is learned through positive reinforcement
Probability that the antecedent behavior will be repeated or will happen again
Stimulus and response
Association of stimuli and responses
Assumptions of Behaviorism
Learning should apply equally to different behaviors and to a variety of animal species
Learning processes can be studies most objectively when the focus of the study is on the
stimuli and responses
Internal processes is excluded or minimized in theoretical explanations
Learning involves a behavior of change
(Santrock, 2011)
Problem-Based Learning
This strategy Emphasized real life problem solving. It exposes learners to authentic life
problems that they meet in their daily lives.
Essential Questions
Questions will be asked to perplexed the student and would provoke students’ curiosity.
These are questions considered to be creative.
Discovery Learning
This approach is in contrast with the direct-instruction approach. Teachers create the
situation where students explore and figure out things for themselves.
Learning Point: Theories of Learning
BEHAVIORISM
Is a world view that assumes that the learner is essentially passive, responding to
environment stimuli
An opposed notion to the idea of learning as introspection
Emerged as a perspective on early 1900s through the research effort of Ivan Pavlov and
Edward Lee Thorndike
The learner starts off with a clean state ( Tabula Rasa)
Behavior is learned through positive reinforcement
Probability that the antecedent behavior will be repeated or will happen again
Stimulus and response
Association of stimuli and responses
Assumptions of Behaviorism
Learning should apply equally to different behaviors and to a variety of animal species
Learning processes can be studies most objectively when the focus of the study is on the
stimuli and responses
Internal processes is excluded or minimized in theoretical explanations
Learning involves a behavior of change
