● Ideology
○ ISM’s are made through necessity or as an answer through a previous ism
○ E = Equality
○ GI = Government Involvement
○ F = Freedom
○ The set of ideas you have about how the world does and should work
○ Your ideology will determine what you believe
■ Is the nature of man
■ About the past
■ What the future will be like
■ Role of government should be in society
○ The most common spectrums we use are
■ Right Wing vs. Left Wing (Middle Out) *Agents of Change*
■ Right
● Classical Liberal, Fascist, *Reactionary*
● USA
● Beliefs include
○ Individualism should be promoted
○ Need to conserve traditions (esp religious)
○ Competition pushes us to succeed
○ Free market (capitalism) is the best economic system
○ There should be limited government intervention unless it
threatens the status quo
○ Private property and business is ideal
○ Profit is what motivates us to do better
, ○ Don't like change
■ If you’re winning in the system, why change?
■ Centered around profit, that is why people work --
it is motivation (private property)
■ Money until it is spent is just pieces of paper
(incentivised via ownership)
■ Middle
● Modern Liberal
● Canada
■ Left
● Democratic socialist, Communist, *Radical revolutionary*
● Sweden ----------------N.Korea
● Beliefs include
○ Collectivism should be promoted
○ Need to embrace change (and at times, reject religion)
○ Cooperation will allow us to help the disadvantaged in
society
○ Socialism is the best economic system
○ Government intervention is necessary to promote an
egalitarian society
○ Public property will ensure everyone has access to
resources (and will protect the environment
○ The common good is what motivates people to do better
● Political Spectrum
,●
○ + → appetite for change
● Collectivism
○ Historical Understandings
■ Identity based on family/group membership (tribal)
■ Caveman - could only survive by working with the group
■ Aboriginal societies - e.g. potlatch on the west coast
■ Early christians - had all things in common
○ Values of Collectivism
■ Economic equality
■ Co-operation
■ Public property
■ Collective interest
■ Collective responsibility
■ Adherence to collective norms
■ Government is seen as a positive source that can help by controlling
society
○ Advantages of Collectivism (LW)
■ The needs of the group come before selfish motives
■ Everyone works together, so if you get into trouble the government has the
resources to help you
■ More economic security as the government will control the business cycle
■ Cooperation → sharing ideas and effort to make a job easier
■ Collective norms means we are more considerate of others
■ Public property ensure that everyone has access to resources (and protects
the environment)
○ Disadvantages of Collectivism (RW)
, ■ Collective responsibility means that the whole group takes
responsibility for the actions of individuals who may be incompetent
■ Not everyone contributes to the same degree, yet everyone gets the
same compensation
■ Collective norms can stifle individual expressions
■ There are less economic choices and freedom
■ People can have less concern or respect for property they do not own
● Individualism (RW)
○ Origins
■ Modern ideas developed the enlightenment
● Renaissance - resurrection of classical western philosophies
● Philosophers question the role of government in the economy and
the power government should have in people's lives
○ Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau
■ E.g. rejecting the divine right of kings
○ Values of Individualism
■ Rule of law
■ Private property
■ Competition
■ Individual rights and freedoms
■ Economic freedom self-interest
■ Government control is seen as interfering and counterproductive
○ Advantages of individualism (RW)
■ People are more self-reliant, which in turn boosts feelings of self-worth
■ You have the opportunity to be very successful/rich
■ Freedom to express yourself
■ Competition brings new advancements and technology
■ Rule of law
● Everyone knows the limits in society
■ Accumulating private property is the reward for being a contributing
member of society
● Gives a feeling of control
○ Disadvantages of Individualism (LW)
● There is limited help available to you if you experience failure
● A lot of success depends of luck and personal connections rather
than hard work
● Property is often concentrated in the hands of the more fortunate
● It is difficult to get out of poverty
● Competition can lead to high levels of stress
○ ISM’s are made through necessity or as an answer through a previous ism
○ E = Equality
○ GI = Government Involvement
○ F = Freedom
○ The set of ideas you have about how the world does and should work
○ Your ideology will determine what you believe
■ Is the nature of man
■ About the past
■ What the future will be like
■ Role of government should be in society
○ The most common spectrums we use are
■ Right Wing vs. Left Wing (Middle Out) *Agents of Change*
■ Right
● Classical Liberal, Fascist, *Reactionary*
● USA
● Beliefs include
○ Individualism should be promoted
○ Need to conserve traditions (esp religious)
○ Competition pushes us to succeed
○ Free market (capitalism) is the best economic system
○ There should be limited government intervention unless it
threatens the status quo
○ Private property and business is ideal
○ Profit is what motivates us to do better
, ○ Don't like change
■ If you’re winning in the system, why change?
■ Centered around profit, that is why people work --
it is motivation (private property)
■ Money until it is spent is just pieces of paper
(incentivised via ownership)
■ Middle
● Modern Liberal
● Canada
■ Left
● Democratic socialist, Communist, *Radical revolutionary*
● Sweden ----------------N.Korea
● Beliefs include
○ Collectivism should be promoted
○ Need to embrace change (and at times, reject religion)
○ Cooperation will allow us to help the disadvantaged in
society
○ Socialism is the best economic system
○ Government intervention is necessary to promote an
egalitarian society
○ Public property will ensure everyone has access to
resources (and will protect the environment
○ The common good is what motivates people to do better
● Political Spectrum
,●
○ + → appetite for change
● Collectivism
○ Historical Understandings
■ Identity based on family/group membership (tribal)
■ Caveman - could only survive by working with the group
■ Aboriginal societies - e.g. potlatch on the west coast
■ Early christians - had all things in common
○ Values of Collectivism
■ Economic equality
■ Co-operation
■ Public property
■ Collective interest
■ Collective responsibility
■ Adherence to collective norms
■ Government is seen as a positive source that can help by controlling
society
○ Advantages of Collectivism (LW)
■ The needs of the group come before selfish motives
■ Everyone works together, so if you get into trouble the government has the
resources to help you
■ More economic security as the government will control the business cycle
■ Cooperation → sharing ideas and effort to make a job easier
■ Collective norms means we are more considerate of others
■ Public property ensure that everyone has access to resources (and protects
the environment)
○ Disadvantages of Collectivism (RW)
, ■ Collective responsibility means that the whole group takes
responsibility for the actions of individuals who may be incompetent
■ Not everyone contributes to the same degree, yet everyone gets the
same compensation
■ Collective norms can stifle individual expressions
■ There are less economic choices and freedom
■ People can have less concern or respect for property they do not own
● Individualism (RW)
○ Origins
■ Modern ideas developed the enlightenment
● Renaissance - resurrection of classical western philosophies
● Philosophers question the role of government in the economy and
the power government should have in people's lives
○ Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau
■ E.g. rejecting the divine right of kings
○ Values of Individualism
■ Rule of law
■ Private property
■ Competition
■ Individual rights and freedoms
■ Economic freedom self-interest
■ Government control is seen as interfering and counterproductive
○ Advantages of individualism (RW)
■ People are more self-reliant, which in turn boosts feelings of self-worth
■ You have the opportunity to be very successful/rich
■ Freedom to express yourself
■ Competition brings new advancements and technology
■ Rule of law
● Everyone knows the limits in society
■ Accumulating private property is the reward for being a contributing
member of society
● Gives a feeling of control
○ Disadvantages of Individualism (LW)
● There is limited help available to you if you experience failure
● A lot of success depends of luck and personal connections rather
than hard work
● Property is often concentrated in the hands of the more fortunate
● It is difficult to get out of poverty
● Competition can lead to high levels of stress
