PALS - Red Cross Final Exam 2021 Latest Quiz
Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic,
tachypnea, lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of
oxygen delivery? Correct Answers: Lactate
A provider is forming an initial impression of a child using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT).
During which step of the PAT may the provider use the mnemonic TICLS to assess the patient?
Correct Answers: Appearance
A child being cared for in the pediatric telemetry unit suddenly displays the following ECG waveform.
The provider prepares to intervene because the child is demonstrating which type of arrhythmia?
Correct Answers: Supraventricular tachycardia
A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac arrest. When
preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for the team to take? Correct
Answers: Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape.
A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate
and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition?
Correct Answers: Respiratory failure
A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing respiratory
distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental oxygen. Which additional
intervention is a critical component of airway management for this patient? Correct Answers: Airway
clearance
An 8-year-old child being treated in the emergency department has significant respiratory distress.
The child also exhibits hives, wheezing, angioedema, tachycardia and tachypnea. The parents state
that the child, who is allergic to peanuts, had eaten some popcorn that had peanuts in it. The team
initiates care, preparing to administer which agent first? Correct Answers: Epinephrine
A 12-lead ECG is ordered for a child complaining of a "racing heart." When placing the electrodes on
the child, at which location would the lead for V4 be placed? Correct Answers: Fifth intercostal space
at midclavicular line, left side
A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The school nurse arrives and
determines that the child is unresponsive. The school nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing
and a central pulse, limiting this assessment to which time frame? Correct Answers: At least 5
seconds, but no more than 10
A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which medication(s) would the
provider administer? Correct Answers: 1. Racemic epinephrine
2. Corticosteroids
A child is experiencing shock. The emergency response team prepares for imminent cardiac arrest
when assessment reveals which finding(s)? Correct Answers: 1. Bradycardia
2. Diminished central pulses
, 3. Hypotension
A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which
rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate? Correct Answers: 1. Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
2. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT)
A child is experiencing stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and is to receive treatment. Which
initial treatment would the provider administer? Correct Answers: Vagal maneuvers
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that
the child is gasping and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate
first? Correct Answers: Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds.
The PALS resuscitation team notes the following ECG waveform and the child does not have a pulse.
The team prepares to intervene to address which arrhythmia? Correct Answers: Torsades de pointes
A child who is stable and exhibiting a wide-complex tachycardia is to receive adenosine. The provider
would be alert for which result after administering this medication? Correct Answers: Transient
asystole
The PALS team leader is conducting a debriefing session with the team. Which topic(s) would the
team leader most likely address during the session? Correct Answers: 1. Identification of ways to
improve
2. Discussion of the pros and cons of the interventions
3. Summary of the event, including what actions were taken
4. Evaluation of the objective data gathered during the event
A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG
waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia? Correct Answers: Second-degree
atrioventricular (AV) block, type I
A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement correctly describes
hypotension and shock? Correct Answers: Hypotension is not a consistent feature of shock in
children.
An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick assessment, the
team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma exacerbation. Which medication would the
team administer first? Correct Answers: Albuterol plus ipratropium bromide
An 11-year-old child develops unstable wide complex tachycardia. Assessment reveals signs of
significant hemodynamic compromise, but the child has a pulse. The PALS team would prepare the
child for which intervention? Correct Answers: Synchronized cardioversion
A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed with Lyme
disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The provider interprets this rhythm
as indicating which arrhythmia? Correct Answers: First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block
A 4-year-old patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, cold extremities and weak pulses.
Assessment also reveals an enlarged liver and neck vein distension. The provider interprets these
assessment findings as suggesting which type of shock? Correct Answers: Cardiogenic
Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic,
tachypnea, lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of
oxygen delivery? Correct Answers: Lactate
A provider is forming an initial impression of a child using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT).
During which step of the PAT may the provider use the mnemonic TICLS to assess the patient?
Correct Answers: Appearance
A child being cared for in the pediatric telemetry unit suddenly displays the following ECG waveform.
The provider prepares to intervene because the child is demonstrating which type of arrhythmia?
Correct Answers: Supraventricular tachycardia
A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac arrest. When
preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for the team to take? Correct
Answers: Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape.
A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate
and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition?
Correct Answers: Respiratory failure
A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing respiratory
distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental oxygen. Which additional
intervention is a critical component of airway management for this patient? Correct Answers: Airway
clearance
An 8-year-old child being treated in the emergency department has significant respiratory distress.
The child also exhibits hives, wheezing, angioedema, tachycardia and tachypnea. The parents state
that the child, who is allergic to peanuts, had eaten some popcorn that had peanuts in it. The team
initiates care, preparing to administer which agent first? Correct Answers: Epinephrine
A 12-lead ECG is ordered for a child complaining of a "racing heart." When placing the electrodes on
the child, at which location would the lead for V4 be placed? Correct Answers: Fifth intercostal space
at midclavicular line, left side
A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The school nurse arrives and
determines that the child is unresponsive. The school nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing
and a central pulse, limiting this assessment to which time frame? Correct Answers: At least 5
seconds, but no more than 10
A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which medication(s) would the
provider administer? Correct Answers: 1. Racemic epinephrine
2. Corticosteroids
A child is experiencing shock. The emergency response team prepares for imminent cardiac arrest
when assessment reveals which finding(s)? Correct Answers: 1. Bradycardia
2. Diminished central pulses
, 3. Hypotension
A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which
rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate? Correct Answers: 1. Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
2. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT)
A child is experiencing stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and is to receive treatment. Which
initial treatment would the provider administer? Correct Answers: Vagal maneuvers
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that
the child is gasping and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate
first? Correct Answers: Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds.
The PALS resuscitation team notes the following ECG waveform and the child does not have a pulse.
The team prepares to intervene to address which arrhythmia? Correct Answers: Torsades de pointes
A child who is stable and exhibiting a wide-complex tachycardia is to receive adenosine. The provider
would be alert for which result after administering this medication? Correct Answers: Transient
asystole
The PALS team leader is conducting a debriefing session with the team. Which topic(s) would the
team leader most likely address during the session? Correct Answers: 1. Identification of ways to
improve
2. Discussion of the pros and cons of the interventions
3. Summary of the event, including what actions were taken
4. Evaluation of the objective data gathered during the event
A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG
waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia? Correct Answers: Second-degree
atrioventricular (AV) block, type I
A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement correctly describes
hypotension and shock? Correct Answers: Hypotension is not a consistent feature of shock in
children.
An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick assessment, the
team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma exacerbation. Which medication would the
team administer first? Correct Answers: Albuterol plus ipratropium bromide
An 11-year-old child develops unstable wide complex tachycardia. Assessment reveals signs of
significant hemodynamic compromise, but the child has a pulse. The PALS team would prepare the
child for which intervention? Correct Answers: Synchronized cardioversion
A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed with Lyme
disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The provider interprets this rhythm
as indicating which arrhythmia? Correct Answers: First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block
A 4-year-old patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, cold extremities and weak pulses.
Assessment also reveals an enlarged liver and neck vein distension. The provider interprets these
assessment findings as suggesting which type of shock? Correct Answers: Cardiogenic
