Summary introduction to functional groups

introduction to functional -
grouper



hydrocarbons
:

oylycoyfqiwf hydrogen 9yd cqrbon


① alkanes ② 9 / Keyes ③ 91kg yes
it " '
'
"

H
f H [ , 6=-6 H
=
H
- -
- -

- -
µ µ
H →
carbon carbon Triple bond
-




→
Max of 4 Sigma bonds
→
carbon -

carbon double bond
→
saturated
" 2° H2C -
CH2
YH2
→
yoriyg
I 1 I
/
ZHC CH2
④ H2C
-




benzene
" cyclopropane cyclobytqne
c- CI cyclopeytqne
µ [ cyclohexane
f- "
_




' CH2 CH2
c. to indicate that the /
Ñ
=
[
H
' '
H double bonds are interchangeable
H20
YH2 \ CH2
\ /
IH2
/
→
3904 ble bonds ,
3
Single bonds
H2C -

CH2 CH2
→
double bonds are alternating
→
double bonds can change places
\
cÉ
electrophilic Gastrointestinal too - :




① primary qlcohols : ② secondary alcohol ③ tertiary alcohol
R
CH2 R

R
' '
OH
IH Ry -


← '
R
_ "
OH
OH
→
carbon bonded -100M and IR
'




cqrboy bonded -102k Carboy bonded TO3R
→ →




④ aldehyde lcqrboyyl ) ⑤ ketone lcqrbonyl ) ⑥ carboxylic acid
i i i
-
C- H R -
C -
R R C -
OH
r
-




→
→
carbon double bonded -100 →
cqrboydoyble bonded -100 Carboy double bonded -100
single bonded -102ns
cqrboysi.mg/eboy9e9-oR-ocqrboysiygIeboy9e9-o0H
→
→
carbon single bonded -101k →
cqrboy




⑦ ester ⑧ ether ⑨ phenol
I
R
- C-
o - R
0 -


CH3 0HT
→
carbon double bonded -100
→
carbon single bonded -101k 94910


electrophilic -
carbon drowned tott :




① 91kg1 Chloride ② 9041 Chloride

%
R -
CH2 -
ce

r ce
-
-