Summary general formula & structural isomers

-
general formula } structural isomers



general formula :
organic functional groups :
example :
CnH2y -12 91k94g ( open chain ) C -
C -
C -
C . . .




( =L C C .
- - . .




C4H 2h 9/ Keyes ( open chain )
alkanes ( closed chain ) 0 ☐
alkyne
CyH2n -2
alkene with Zdoyble bonds

91901 ( open chain )
CyHzy -12011
ether ( open chain )

CyHzyO aldehyde ( open chain )
ketone ( open chain )

carboxylic acid Iopey chain )
CyHzy0z
esters ( open chain )




ÑNttLihh forthegeyerqlformyiq.drawqu-hes-ruo-urqlisome.rs -1491-9 reopen chain qlkqves , } give the IUPAC name


C6H / 4 =
Cntlzn -12 alkane

① ② ③
""
CH21 "
f) CH2 0th CH2 7CH
qy✓CH3
-
/
hey , /
/ / OH ,
CH , CH [µ , 1CH , }
,

CH3
=
=
hexane 3- methyl pentacle

= 2- methylpentqye
④ ⑤
they / CH3
"
CH2Y , / CH21
, ,y
I ,
/ \
CH CH3 CH3
0HF
'
OH }
2.2 dimethyl butane
= -




=
2,3 -

dimethyl butane

alkene
c4Hg =
CnH2n < alkane closed

① ② ③ OH }\
,/
CH3 ④ CH2 -
CH2

CHICHI OH ,
/ CH3 OH , /
"
TICH / CH3 It
I
CH2 -
1
CH2
CH2
=
but 1- eve
- =
but 2- eve
-




=
2- methyl propane =
butane


- aldehyde
0511100 =
cntyg.no -
ketone
① ① CH3 ③
É
""

CH3\gµ ,
/ CH2 - -
CH }
-
CH2
/
☒ CH2 -
CH3
hey ,
/ CH2yµ ,
/
%
=
peyton -2 -
one
=
pent 3--
one =
pen-19491

④ CH31 ⑤ CH3 ⑥ CH3
"
CH /
"
%\CH=o "1=0
""
/ CH3 [µ , [µ ,
ay ,
=
3- methyl by-19491 CH3
=
3- methyl but 2- one -
=
2,2 -

dimethyl proposal