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MCD-1 Final Exam Study Guide
Hygiene:
Benefits of Bathing:
Bathe clients to cleanse body, stimulate circulation, provide relaxation, and enhance
healing.
Bathe clients whose health problems have exhausted them or limited their mobility
Give a complete bath to clients who can tolerate it and whose hygiene needs warrant it.
Allow rest periods for clients who become tired.
Partial baths are useful when clients cannot tolerate a complete bath, need cleanings of
odorous or uncomfortable areas, and can perform part of the bath independently.
Therapeutic baths are used to promote comfort and provide treatment.
Giving a Bed Bath:
Collect supplies, provide privacy, explain procedure, apply gloves.
Lock wheels on the hospital bed and adjust the height to a comfortable working position.
Place a blanket over the client, and remove gown.
Obtain warm bath water. Start by washing clients face first and allow client to perform this task if
able.
Perform the bath systematically by starting with the client’s trunk and upper extremities and
continuing to the lower extremities. Keep clean area covered with a blanket or towel.
Wash with long, firm strokes from distal to proximal and light strokes over lower extremities for
clients who have a history of deep vein thrombosis.
Apply a lotion and powder (If needed) and a clean gown.
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Replace water if he becomes cool, and use fresh water for perineal care.
Document skin assessment, type of bath, and the clients response.
Oral Hygiene:
Proper oral hygiene helps decrease the risk of infection, especially from the transmission
of pathogens that can cause pneumonia.
Other populations who require meticulous oral hygiene include those who are seriously
ill, injured, unconscious, dehydrated, and have an altered mental status or limited upper
body movement.
Autonomy for a Client Requiring Oral Care?
Brush the teeth twice a day.
Use a soft toothbrush.
Moisturize oral mucosa and lips every 2 to 4 hours.
Use a chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) rinse twice a day during the perioperative period
for patients who undergo cardiac surgery (adult patients).
Use mouthwash inside the mouth twice a day for adult patients who are on a ventilator.
Give the patients the oral supplies.
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Perineal Care: (Reduces Urinary Tract Infection)
Perineal care helps maintain skin integrity, relieve discomfort, and prevent transmission
of microorganisms (catheter care).
Provide privacy, maintain a professional demeanor, remove any fecal materials from the
skin.
Cleanse the perineal area from front to back (perineum to rectum).
Dry thoroughly.
*On a MALE client* Retract foreskin of male clients to wash the tip of the penis, clean
from the meatus outwards in a circular motion, then replace foreskin.
Skin Care:
Perform a daily inspection of the patient's entire skin.
Document and report any manifestations of skin infection.
Use moisturizers daily on dry skin and apply when skin is damp.
Keep moisture from prolonged contact with skin.
Dry areas where two skin surfaces touch, such as the axillae and under the breasts.
Place absorbent pads under areas where perspiration collects.
Use moisture barriers on skin areas where wound drainage or incontinence occurs.
Do not massage bony prominences.
Humidify the room.
Skin Cleaning
Clean the skin as soon as possible after soiling occurs and at routine intervals.
Use a mild, heavily fatted soap or gentle commercial cleanser for incontinence.
Use tepid rather than hot water.
In the perineal area, use a disposable cleaning cloth that contains a skin-barrier agent.
While cleaning, use the minimum scrubbing force necessary to remove soil.
Gently pat rather than rub the skin dry.
Do not use powders or talc directly on the perineum.
After cleaning, apply a commercial skin barrier to areas in frequent contact with urine or feces.
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Foot Care:
- Foot care prevents skin breakdown, pain and infection.
- Foot care is extremely important for clients who have diabetes mellitus, and a qualified
professional must perform it. Must be performed for clients with peripheral vascular
disease, or immunosuppression to evaluate the feet and prevent injury.
- Inspect feet daily, paying attention to the area between the toes. Use lukewarm water,
and dry the feet thoroughly.
- Apply moisturizer to the feet, but avoid applying it between the toes.
- Avoid over-the-counter products that contain alcohol or other strong chemicals.
- Wear clean cotton socks DAILY.
- Check shoes for any objects that may harm the feet, Cut the nails straight across and use
an emery board to file nail edges. Avoid self-treating corns or calluses.
- Wear comfortable shoes that don’t restrict circulation, do not apply heat unless
prescribed, and contact provider if any infection or inflammation appears.
Sleep and Rest:
o Adequate amounts of sleep and rest promote health. Too little sleep leads to an inability
to concentrate, poor judgement, moodiness, irritability, and increased risk for accidents.
Chronic sleep loss can increase risks of obesity, depression, hypertension, diabetes
mellitus, heart attack, and stroke.
Non-rapid Eye Movement (NREM): Muscles begin to relax, light sleep, etc.
Rapid Eye Movement (REM): Vivid dreaming, about 90 mins after falling asleep, reoccurring.
o Ask about sleep patterns, history, or any recent changes.
MCD-1 Final Exam Study Guide
Hygiene:
Benefits of Bathing:
Bathe clients to cleanse body, stimulate circulation, provide relaxation, and enhance
healing.
Bathe clients whose health problems have exhausted them or limited their mobility
Give a complete bath to clients who can tolerate it and whose hygiene needs warrant it.
Allow rest periods for clients who become tired.
Partial baths are useful when clients cannot tolerate a complete bath, need cleanings of
odorous or uncomfortable areas, and can perform part of the bath independently.
Therapeutic baths are used to promote comfort and provide treatment.
Giving a Bed Bath:
Collect supplies, provide privacy, explain procedure, apply gloves.
Lock wheels on the hospital bed and adjust the height to a comfortable working position.
Place a blanket over the client, and remove gown.
Obtain warm bath water. Start by washing clients face first and allow client to perform this task if
able.
Perform the bath systematically by starting with the client’s trunk and upper extremities and
continuing to the lower extremities. Keep clean area covered with a blanket or towel.
Wash with long, firm strokes from distal to proximal and light strokes over lower extremities for
clients who have a history of deep vein thrombosis.
Apply a lotion and powder (If needed) and a clean gown.
, 2
Replace water if he becomes cool, and use fresh water for perineal care.
Document skin assessment, type of bath, and the clients response.
Oral Hygiene:
Proper oral hygiene helps decrease the risk of infection, especially from the transmission
of pathogens that can cause pneumonia.
Other populations who require meticulous oral hygiene include those who are seriously
ill, injured, unconscious, dehydrated, and have an altered mental status or limited upper
body movement.
Autonomy for a Client Requiring Oral Care?
Brush the teeth twice a day.
Use a soft toothbrush.
Moisturize oral mucosa and lips every 2 to 4 hours.
Use a chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) rinse twice a day during the perioperative period
for patients who undergo cardiac surgery (adult patients).
Use mouthwash inside the mouth twice a day for adult patients who are on a ventilator.
Give the patients the oral supplies.
, 3
Perineal Care: (Reduces Urinary Tract Infection)
Perineal care helps maintain skin integrity, relieve discomfort, and prevent transmission
of microorganisms (catheter care).
Provide privacy, maintain a professional demeanor, remove any fecal materials from the
skin.
Cleanse the perineal area from front to back (perineum to rectum).
Dry thoroughly.
*On a MALE client* Retract foreskin of male clients to wash the tip of the penis, clean
from the meatus outwards in a circular motion, then replace foreskin.
Skin Care:
Perform a daily inspection of the patient's entire skin.
Document and report any manifestations of skin infection.
Use moisturizers daily on dry skin and apply when skin is damp.
Keep moisture from prolonged contact with skin.
Dry areas where two skin surfaces touch, such as the axillae and under the breasts.
Place absorbent pads under areas where perspiration collects.
Use moisture barriers on skin areas where wound drainage or incontinence occurs.
Do not massage bony prominences.
Humidify the room.
Skin Cleaning
Clean the skin as soon as possible after soiling occurs and at routine intervals.
Use a mild, heavily fatted soap or gentle commercial cleanser for incontinence.
Use tepid rather than hot water.
In the perineal area, use a disposable cleaning cloth that contains a skin-barrier agent.
While cleaning, use the minimum scrubbing force necessary to remove soil.
Gently pat rather than rub the skin dry.
Do not use powders or talc directly on the perineum.
After cleaning, apply a commercial skin barrier to areas in frequent contact with urine or feces.
, 4
Foot Care:
- Foot care prevents skin breakdown, pain and infection.
- Foot care is extremely important for clients who have diabetes mellitus, and a qualified
professional must perform it. Must be performed for clients with peripheral vascular
disease, or immunosuppression to evaluate the feet and prevent injury.
- Inspect feet daily, paying attention to the area between the toes. Use lukewarm water,
and dry the feet thoroughly.
- Apply moisturizer to the feet, but avoid applying it between the toes.
- Avoid over-the-counter products that contain alcohol or other strong chemicals.
- Wear clean cotton socks DAILY.
- Check shoes for any objects that may harm the feet, Cut the nails straight across and use
an emery board to file nail edges. Avoid self-treating corns or calluses.
- Wear comfortable shoes that don’t restrict circulation, do not apply heat unless
prescribed, and contact provider if any infection or inflammation appears.
Sleep and Rest:
o Adequate amounts of sleep and rest promote health. Too little sleep leads to an inability
to concentrate, poor judgement, moodiness, irritability, and increased risk for accidents.
Chronic sleep loss can increase risks of obesity, depression, hypertension, diabetes
mellitus, heart attack, and stroke.
Non-rapid Eye Movement (NREM): Muscles begin to relax, light sleep, etc.
Rapid Eye Movement (REM): Vivid dreaming, about 90 mins after falling asleep, reoccurring.
o Ask about sleep patterns, history, or any recent changes.
