WGU C787 Nutrition Review Questions and Notes

WGU C787 Nutrition Review Questions and Notes When nutrition advocates became concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevention of chronic diet related diseases, what policy change were made? Correct Answer: RDA's (Recommended Daily Allowances) expanded into several DRI (Daily Reference Intakes) What is true of dietary reference intake? choose two. Correct Answer: Food labeling must include information about them. They differ depending on age and gender What is always found on a nutrition label in the US? Correct Answer: Serving size A healthful diet contains nutrient intake near what amount? Correct Answer: RDA (Recommended daily allowance) -The average daily intake level estimated to meet the needs of nearly all people in a certain group. Aim for this amount! -Use this for planning family meals sufficient for infants, children, adults and ELDERLY family members. What is an appropriate use of AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Range) when evaluating the appropriateness of a snack food? Correct Answer: 50% calories from fat is too much. (There is an AMDR for fats, carbs, and proteins only. It is a range of percentages of calories that you should get from that nutrient per day.) The AMDR for fats is 20-35%** AMDR for protein Correct Answer: 10-35% AMDR for fat Correct Answer: 20-35% AMDR for carbs Correct Answer: 45-65% What is meant by Tolerable Upper Intake Level? Correct Answer: The highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans; ensures people do not take harmful amounts. (More for supplements; No side effects in humans) How is estimated average requirement (EAR) commonly used? Correct Answer: To guide recommendations and menu planning for COMMUNITIES in combinations with upper intake levels. What is true of recommendations as presented by their setting place graphic? Correct Answer: Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables. What is the nutritional benefit of fruits and vegetables? Correct Answer: They provide phytonutrients (nutrients from plants) that reduce the risk some types of cancer. (They are high in fiber/bulk, vitamins and minerals, low in calories.) What is FALSE regarding fruits and vegetables in the diet? Correct Answer: Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin B12 (Watch for the negative/false/incorrect questions!!) Number of recommended servings of fruits and vegetables per day Correct Answer: 9 Increasing the amount of colorful vegetables reduces the risk of: Correct Answer: Stroke What strategy might be AVOIDED due to expense for patients looking to eat more healthfully on a budget? Correct Answer: Buying frozen meals Strategies for balanced healthy meal planning on a budget Correct Answer: -buying canned veggies in bulk -buying only the amount of fresh veggies that can be eaten at the time (to avoid wasting them) -buying veggies whole and preparing/trimming them at home (precut veggies are more expensive) -grow veggies and herbs at home -buy only in season veggies Which statement is true about planning a balanced meal? Correct Answer: Skim milk has roughly the same amount of calcium and protein as whole milk. (Always stick with reduced or no fat dairy products) What is true about dietary recommendations for whole grain intake? Correct Answer: Half of all whole grains consumed should be whole grain products. Fritz is hosting a brunch and prepares for each of his friends: Omelet with cheese Toasted English muffin 1t all fruit preserves ½ large grapefruit 1c whole milk How can his menu be improved to follow the dietary guidelines for Americans? Choose all that apply Correct Answer: Use egg whites for the omelets Replace cheese with vegetables in the omelets Replace English muffin with whole wheat English muffin Replace whole milk with fat free milk (Adding juice will never be an answer because it is sugar water.) What is true of recommendations concerning trans fat and added sugar intake? Correct Answer: Trans fat and added sugar intake should be minimized. There is no DRI value! What is recommended daily amount of protein intake? Correct Answer: 60g/ day or 0.8gm/kg Which list contains all examples of protein? Correct Answer: Garbanzo beans (Chickpeas) Egg Chicken breast Yogurt Cheese Ground beef Peanut butter Tofu What is the best choice for a combination of plant-based foods to maximize healthy diet in a vegetarian diet? Correct Answer: Legume + whole grain There is a current initiative for more transparent labeling of sugars on nutrition fact labels. In the coming years, which of these might be more obviously labeled sugars? Choose all that apply. Correct Answer: -Anything ending in-ose -Honey (Most things ending in ose are sugars like glucose, fructose, etc. **Not -ase which are enzymes) Which carbohydrate will cause a quick return to hunger? Correct Answer: One with a higher glycemic index (Measures how the body responds to a sugar, high index is a high fast blood sugar and insulin spike and low index would mean it raises blood sugar slower.) Which is the reason that seafood can be considered a healthful diet? Correct Answer: Some seafood is high in heart healthy omega 3 oils What are generally considered sources of healthy fat? Correct Answer: Fish, nuts, olive oil What is NOT a common source of high levels of sodium? Correct Answer: Spices and herbs (Manufactured breads, processed food and canned soup/broth tend to have lots of sodium) Which foods are relatively rich in iron? Choose all that apply Correct Answer: Dark leafy greens, legumes, red meat, nuts What is the best vegetarian source of iron from the options provided? Correct Answer: Beans (Legume!) Which of these are protective against heart disease? Correct Answer: Fiber, HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol) Which are linked to increase heart disease risk? Correct Answer: LDL (bad cholesterol), trans fat, saturated fats Reducing heart disease/ stroke Correct Answer: LDL levels below 120mg/dl Limit cholesterol intake to less than 30mg per day Saturated fats-less than 7% of total daily calories At least 30 minutes of activity in daily routine Sodium levels-below 1600mg per day Increase intake of fiber, especially INSOLUBLE fiber, although ***most will be soluble. Limit alcohol to 1-2 drinks per day. What is an appropriate dietary intervention to address a patient's low albumin level? Correct Answer: High protein diet Select foods that would be inappropriate for a patient with kidney disease? Correct Answer: Fried eggs, hot dogs, steak (**Watch proteins because they are broken down into ketones which are difficult for the kidneys) What is the DASH diet designed to address? Correct Answer: Hypertension (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Which factors are important in controlling hypertension? Select all that apply Correct Answer: Sodium below 1600mg daily Daily exercise such as a half hour walk Maintaining a healthy weight-BMI below 25 Another benefit of fiber Correct Answer: It lowers the absorption rate of glucose in the body Because obesity affects many organ systems and hormones impairing body functions, which is true? Correct Answer: It is now considered a disease by the AMA Kwashiorkor Correct Answer: A form of malnutrition caused by inadequate protein intake Seen in regions experiencing famine Kwashiorkor S/S Correct Answer: Muscle wasting, decreased ability to maintain fluid balance, edema of limbs and face, inflammation due to liver being unable to clear toxins and infections. Hair loses its color, skin is patchy, sores don't heal. Marasmus Correct Answer: Marasmus literally means "to waste away" and is an acute form of malnutrition. It is caused by a deficiency of both calories and protein in the diet. This is the most severe form of childhood malnutrition. Marasmus S/S Correct Answer: Muscle wasting, impairment of brain development, decreased learning ability, decreased temp, little to no subcutaneous fat, engage in little to no activity to allow all energy to be used for essential body functions Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease. Correct Answer: Niacin Pellagra S/S Correct Answer: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death What BMI is considered OBESE, requiring counseling about a weight loss dietary plan? Correct Answer: BMI 30 Vitamin A deficiency Correct Answer: night blindness, dry skin Vitamin C deficiency Correct Answer: scurvy, hemorrhagic diathesis, poor wound healing Iodine deficiency symptoms Correct Answer: - Goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), leads to hypothyroidism which leads to weight gain and slow BMR - cretinism: severe mental and physical retardation Overweight BMI Correct Answer: BMI 25 Morbidly obese BMI Correct Answer: BMI 40 Low BMI Correct Answer: BMI 18.5 How to calculate BMI Correct Answer: 1. Take patients height in inches and square it (ex: 5'4" = 64 in; 64 ^2 = 4096) 2. Divide the weight in pounds by the number you get (ex: 175/4096 = 0.043) 3. Multiply the answer to step two by 703 (ex: 0.043 x 703 = 30) What is the BMI calculation for a patient that measures 5'4" in height and 175 lbs in weight? Correct Answer: 30 What describes a diet LEAST likely to result in obesity? Correct Answer: A diet with a variety of fruits, whole grains and vegetables. Identify which heart disease risk factors are modifiable Correct An