Exam 2: Neuro - PD, MG, MS, ALS, GB
What is Parkinson's disease? - Answer A progressive, degenerative disorder of basal
ganglia function characterized by tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
What is the difference between Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism? - Answer
Parkinson's Disease
-All of the s/s which is r/t a decrease in dopamine levels
-problem with the brain.
Parkinsonism
-an acquired kind of parkinson's, in that, the patient has all of the s/s, but without the
decrease in dopamine.
What are examples of acquired parkinsonism? - Answer -infection
-intoxication
-trauma (Muhammed Ali)
-drug-induced
What is the significance of the basal ganglia as it relates to Parkinson's disease? -
Answer The disease process of Parkinson's disease begins in the basal ganglia--or
more specifically, the substantia nigra, which produces dopamine.
The basal ganglia work along side the cerebellum to make motor movement smooth
and coordinated.
In what part of the basal ganglia is dopamine produced? - Answer Substantia nigra
What is the purpose of the basal ganglia? - Answer Make motor movement smooth and
coordinated.
Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease - Answer -Age = peaks in 70's
-Men
-genetics
Other
-anxiety & depression
-head trauma
-hysterectomy
-coffee consumption is protective
Why is anxiety/depression associated with Parkinson's disease? - Answer Chemical
imbalance of dopamine is associated with these psychiatric disorders-- and dopamine is
the neurotransmitter that has an imbalance with Parkinson's
, Consumption of which substance is protective against parkinson's disease? - Answer
Coffee
What is dopamine? - Answer An inhibitory neurotransmitter
What is the function of dopamine? - Answer Helps to coordinate movement and balance
so that everything can work smoothly, controllably, and without unwanted movements.
What is acetylcholine? - Answer an excitatory neurotransmitter
What is the function of acetylcholine? - Answer Works in conjunction & balanced with
dopamine to stimulate muscle movement.
There needs to be a good balance between which two neurotransmitters for smooth
motor movement to occur? - Answer -dopamine
-acetylcholine
What is the patho of Parkinson's disease? - Answer The progressive degeneration of
basal ganglia/substantia nigra leads to an inability to maintain the production of
dopamine, causing an imbalance in the dopamine (low)/ACH (high) system.
This relative increase in ACH compared to dopamine results in a loss of coordinated
motor movement.
CM of Parkinson's disease - Answer -gradual, progressive onset
-patients usually do not recognize the disease course until they are dx and start to look
back and see the signs
Early
-unilateral s/s at first, progressing to bilateral
Later
1. Classic Triad
A. "Pill Roll" Tremor (often 1st sign)
-handwriting affected
-more prominent at rest
-tremor gets better with activity
B. Cogwheel Rigidity & Clasp-knife Spasticity
-resistance to passive movement; intermittent like the teeth of a cog.
-associated s/s: muscle soreness, aches, pain
C. Bradykinesia *no automatic movements
-dry, painful, sore eyes
-drooling
-flat affect
What is Parkinson's disease? - Answer A progressive, degenerative disorder of basal
ganglia function characterized by tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
What is the difference between Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism? - Answer
Parkinson's Disease
-All of the s/s which is r/t a decrease in dopamine levels
-problem with the brain.
Parkinsonism
-an acquired kind of parkinson's, in that, the patient has all of the s/s, but without the
decrease in dopamine.
What are examples of acquired parkinsonism? - Answer -infection
-intoxication
-trauma (Muhammed Ali)
-drug-induced
What is the significance of the basal ganglia as it relates to Parkinson's disease? -
Answer The disease process of Parkinson's disease begins in the basal ganglia--or
more specifically, the substantia nigra, which produces dopamine.
The basal ganglia work along side the cerebellum to make motor movement smooth
and coordinated.
In what part of the basal ganglia is dopamine produced? - Answer Substantia nigra
What is the purpose of the basal ganglia? - Answer Make motor movement smooth and
coordinated.
Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease - Answer -Age = peaks in 70's
-Men
-genetics
Other
-anxiety & depression
-head trauma
-hysterectomy
-coffee consumption is protective
Why is anxiety/depression associated with Parkinson's disease? - Answer Chemical
imbalance of dopamine is associated with these psychiatric disorders-- and dopamine is
the neurotransmitter that has an imbalance with Parkinson's
, Consumption of which substance is protective against parkinson's disease? - Answer
Coffee
What is dopamine? - Answer An inhibitory neurotransmitter
What is the function of dopamine? - Answer Helps to coordinate movement and balance
so that everything can work smoothly, controllably, and without unwanted movements.
What is acetylcholine? - Answer an excitatory neurotransmitter
What is the function of acetylcholine? - Answer Works in conjunction & balanced with
dopamine to stimulate muscle movement.
There needs to be a good balance between which two neurotransmitters for smooth
motor movement to occur? - Answer -dopamine
-acetylcholine
What is the patho of Parkinson's disease? - Answer The progressive degeneration of
basal ganglia/substantia nigra leads to an inability to maintain the production of
dopamine, causing an imbalance in the dopamine (low)/ACH (high) system.
This relative increase in ACH compared to dopamine results in a loss of coordinated
motor movement.
CM of Parkinson's disease - Answer -gradual, progressive onset
-patients usually do not recognize the disease course until they are dx and start to look
back and see the signs
Early
-unilateral s/s at first, progressing to bilateral
Later
1. Classic Triad
A. "Pill Roll" Tremor (often 1st sign)
-handwriting affected
-more prominent at rest
-tremor gets better with activity
B. Cogwheel Rigidity & Clasp-knife Spasticity
-resistance to passive movement; intermittent like the teeth of a cog.
-associated s/s: muscle soreness, aches, pain
C. Bradykinesia *no automatic movements
-dry, painful, sore eyes
-drooling
-flat affect
