Exam 2: L/G/P Pharmacology questions with compete solutions

What is the specific drug for cirrhosis? None, just treat complications. MOA for use of propranolol (cirrhosis) -reduce portal venous pressure -prevent varices 00:47 01:08 MOA for lactulose (Cephulac) (cirrhosis) help eliminate ammonia through feces MOA for Vitamin K (cirrhosis) correct clotting abnormalities Route for Vitamin K (cirrhosis) IV = best -not IM/SQ bc will bleed into muscle -not PO, bc vitamin K is fat soluble, so need bile to absorb it (liver disease = not enough bile) MOA of H2 receptor blockers and PPI's (cirrhosis) reduce gastric acidity and decrease bleeding risk. MOA for diuretics (cirrhosis) treat edema and ascites MOA of Rifaximin (Xifaxan) remove bacteria from intestinal tract so no ammonia Example from drug class: Hyperosmotic laxative Lactulose (Cephulac) MOA of lactulose -creates osmotic action in GI tract -shifts water from blood into GI tract -increases water content of stool ----diarrhea -inhibits diffusion of ammonia into blood, enhancing removal from blood to colon Therapeutic uses of Lactulose -prevent high ammonia levels -chronic constipation Route lactulose Liquid Oral -give Q1H until stools begin ---titrate dose to 2-3 loose stools/day Rectal -dilute with water -give via rectal balloon catheter -retain 30-60 minutes (good luck!) -repeat Q4-6H prn SE lactulose -gas -distention -discomfort -dehydration -diarrhea MOA Ketorolac (Toradol) (gallbladder disease) pain control MOA of anti emetics (gallbladder) treat N/V MOA of anticholinergics (gallbladder) decrease gallbladder secretion and stop smooth muscle spasms MOA of bile acids (gallbladder) dissolve stones MOA of morphine (pancreatitis) pain relief MOA of dicyclomine (bentyl) (pancreatitis) stop smooth muscle spasms MOA of antacids and H2 receptor antagonists and PPI's (pancreatitis) Decrease HCl secretion in the stomach which decreases secretion of pancreatic enzymes MOA of pancrealipase (Creon) (pancreatitis) Replacement therapy for pancreatic enzymes (Chronic pancreatitis only) MOA of insulin (pancreatitis) tx DM if occurs