NUR 430 Exam 1
blunt trauma - Answer shearing and compression injuries of chest structures
penetrating trauma - Answer foreign object impales or passes through body tissues
creating an open wound
pneumothorax - Answer positive pressure in pleural space causes lung to partially or
fully collapse
pneumothorax cause - Answer air entering the pleural cavity (most common: rib
fractures)
open penumothorax - Answer opening in chest wall
penetrating trauma (sucking chest wound)
closed pneumothorax - Answer no external wound
pneumothorax symptoms - Answer depend on size
small pneumothorax symptoms - Answer mild tachycardia
dyspnea
large pneumothorax - Answer respiratory distress
absent breath sounds in affected area
pneumothorax diagnostic study - Answer chest x-ray
spontaneous pneumothorax - Answer rupture of blebs
can occur in healthy or chronically ill persons
spontaneous pneumothorax risk factors - Answer tall, thin male
family history
previous spontaneous pneumothorax
iatrogenic pneumothorax - Answer medical procedures
biopsies, subclavian catheter insertion (central line), ventilator, esophageal trauma
tension pneumothorax - Answer accumulation of air in pleural space that cannot escape
results in increased intrapleural pressure
causes mediastinal shift and hemodynamic instability
can occur with an open or closed pneumothorax
medical emergency
can be fatal if pressure in pleural space is not relieved
,tension pneumothorax symptoms - Answer severe dyspnea
tachycardia
tracheal deviation
neck vein distention
cyanosis
diaphoresis
decreased/absent breath sounds on affected side
pneumothorax emergency treatment - Answer cover would with dressing secured on 3
sides
if impaled object is in place, stabilize it with a bulky dressing
pneumothorax treatments - Answer chest tubes with water-seal drainage
partial pleurectomy
stapling
pleurodesis
tension pneumothorax treatment - Answer immediate needle decompression
chest tube with water-seal drainage
chest tubes - Answer drain pleural space
reestablish negative pressure
allow lung to expand
pleural drainage - Answer collection device for fluid, air, or blood from chest cavity
pleural drainage compartments - Answer collection chamber
water-seal chamber
suction control chamber
tidaling - Answer fluctuation of water with pressure changes during respiration
wet suction - Answer amount of water in chamber controls suction
excess suction from source vented
dry suction - Answer no water
dial regulator to pressure, visual art
pulmonary embolism - Answer blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries by
thrombus, fat or air embolus, or tumor tissue
clot in venous system into pulmonary circulation then lodges in small blood vessel and
obstructs alveolar perfusion
lower lobes most often effected
venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors - Answer a-fib
smoking
, cancer
obesity
pregnancy
heart failure
immobility/ reduced mobility
surgery within 3 months
VTE history
oral contraceptives/ hormone therapy
prolonged air travel
clotting disorders
venous thromboembolism (VTE) symptoms - Answer dyspnea
mild/moderate hypoxemia
chest pain
crackles
tachycardia
syncope
tachypnea
cough
hemoptysis
wheezing
fever
pulmonic heart sound
massive PE
pulmonary infarction - Answer occlusion of medium or large-sized vessel, inadequate
collateral blood flow, and preexisting lung disease results in alveolar necrosis and
hemorrhage which may result in abscess and pleural effussion
pulmonary hypertension - Answer results from hypoxemia associated with
massive/recurrent emboli
right ventricular hypertrophy
normal pH - Answer 7.35-7.45
normal PaCO2 - Answer 35-45
normal PaO2 - Answer 80-100
normal HCO3- - Answer 22-26
respiratory acidosis - Answer decreased respirations
overdose, over-sedation, COPD, emphysema, pneumonia
respiratory alkalosis - Answer increased respiratory rate
hyperventilation
blunt trauma - Answer shearing and compression injuries of chest structures
penetrating trauma - Answer foreign object impales or passes through body tissues
creating an open wound
pneumothorax - Answer positive pressure in pleural space causes lung to partially or
fully collapse
pneumothorax cause - Answer air entering the pleural cavity (most common: rib
fractures)
open penumothorax - Answer opening in chest wall
penetrating trauma (sucking chest wound)
closed pneumothorax - Answer no external wound
pneumothorax symptoms - Answer depend on size
small pneumothorax symptoms - Answer mild tachycardia
dyspnea
large pneumothorax - Answer respiratory distress
absent breath sounds in affected area
pneumothorax diagnostic study - Answer chest x-ray
spontaneous pneumothorax - Answer rupture of blebs
can occur in healthy or chronically ill persons
spontaneous pneumothorax risk factors - Answer tall, thin male
family history
previous spontaneous pneumothorax
iatrogenic pneumothorax - Answer medical procedures
biopsies, subclavian catheter insertion (central line), ventilator, esophageal trauma
tension pneumothorax - Answer accumulation of air in pleural space that cannot escape
results in increased intrapleural pressure
causes mediastinal shift and hemodynamic instability
can occur with an open or closed pneumothorax
medical emergency
can be fatal if pressure in pleural space is not relieved
,tension pneumothorax symptoms - Answer severe dyspnea
tachycardia
tracheal deviation
neck vein distention
cyanosis
diaphoresis
decreased/absent breath sounds on affected side
pneumothorax emergency treatment - Answer cover would with dressing secured on 3
sides
if impaled object is in place, stabilize it with a bulky dressing
pneumothorax treatments - Answer chest tubes with water-seal drainage
partial pleurectomy
stapling
pleurodesis
tension pneumothorax treatment - Answer immediate needle decompression
chest tube with water-seal drainage
chest tubes - Answer drain pleural space
reestablish negative pressure
allow lung to expand
pleural drainage - Answer collection device for fluid, air, or blood from chest cavity
pleural drainage compartments - Answer collection chamber
water-seal chamber
suction control chamber
tidaling - Answer fluctuation of water with pressure changes during respiration
wet suction - Answer amount of water in chamber controls suction
excess suction from source vented
dry suction - Answer no water
dial regulator to pressure, visual art
pulmonary embolism - Answer blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries by
thrombus, fat or air embolus, or tumor tissue
clot in venous system into pulmonary circulation then lodges in small blood vessel and
obstructs alveolar perfusion
lower lobes most often effected
venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors - Answer a-fib
smoking
, cancer
obesity
pregnancy
heart failure
immobility/ reduced mobility
surgery within 3 months
VTE history
oral contraceptives/ hormone therapy
prolonged air travel
clotting disorders
venous thromboembolism (VTE) symptoms - Answer dyspnea
mild/moderate hypoxemia
chest pain
crackles
tachycardia
syncope
tachypnea
cough
hemoptysis
wheezing
fever
pulmonic heart sound
massive PE
pulmonary infarction - Answer occlusion of medium or large-sized vessel, inadequate
collateral blood flow, and preexisting lung disease results in alveolar necrosis and
hemorrhage which may result in abscess and pleural effussion
pulmonary hypertension - Answer results from hypoxemia associated with
massive/recurrent emboli
right ventricular hypertrophy
normal pH - Answer 7.35-7.45
normal PaCO2 - Answer 35-45
normal PaO2 - Answer 80-100
normal HCO3- - Answer 22-26
respiratory acidosis - Answer decreased respirations
overdose, over-sedation, COPD, emphysema, pneumonia
respiratory alkalosis - Answer increased respiratory rate
hyperventilation
