Biology Notes Form 1 (Questions and Answers) Latest 2020/2021.

Biology Notes Form 1 (Questions and Answers) Latest 2020/2021.Biology Notes Form 1 Click Here - Free KCSE Past Papers » KNEC Past Exams » Free Downloads » KCSE Papers & Marking Schemes Form One Biology By the end of form one work, the learner should be able to: Define Biology List the branches of Biology Explain the importance of Biology State and explain some of the characteristics of organisms State and explain some of the general characteristics of organisms Explain the external features of plants and animals Write down the difference between plants and animals Define classification Use the magnifying lens to observe the external features of plants/ animals Record observations of the main external features of plant leaf form Draw different types of leaf forms Observe, record and draw the main external features of plants Observe ,record and draw the main external features of animals State the necessity and significance of classification Name the major units of classification Name the five kingdoms of living things List the taxonomic units in plant and animal kingdoms Classify maize and human beings Define Binomial nomenclature State the principles of Binomial nomenclature In naming organisms Use collecting nets, cutting instructions instruments and hand lens Preserve collected specimen Observe and group collected and preserved specimen according to their similarities Home Contact Us Current Scholarships Study Abroad NGOs Grants Jobs in Africa About Us Link to Us! 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Scholarship 2020/21 Undergraduate Scholarships 2020/2021 Masters Scholarships, PhD Scholarships, International Scholarships. 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF Define a cell Draw and label the light microscope Identify parts of the light microscope and state their functions Describe how to care for a light microscope Describe how a light microscope is used Draw and label plant and animal cells as seen under a light microscope Calculate the magnification of objects as seen under a light microscope Observe a prepared slide under a light microscope Prepare temporary slide of onion epidermis and observe it under a light microscope Draw and label plant and animal cells as seen under electron microscope Describe the structure and function of the cell • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm Describe the structure and function of the cell organelles Estimate the size of a cell as seen in the field of view of a microscope Write down the differences between plants and animal cells Write down similarities between plant and animal cells List down specialized plant and animal cells State the modifications and functions of specialized cells Define tissues, organs and organ systems Give examples of tissues organs and organ systems Define the term cell physiology Describe the structure and properties of cell membrane Define diffusion Carry out experiments to demonstrate • diffusion in liquids • diffusion in gasses Explain the factors affecting diffusion Explain the role of diffusion in living things Define osmosis Describe movement of water molecules across semi-permeable membrane define and describe the terms used in the study of osmosis such as: • Osmotic pressure 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF • Osmotic potential • Isotonic solution • Hypertonic solution • Hypotonic solution • Turgor pressure • Hemolysis • Wall pressure • Plasmolysis • Deplasmolysis carry out an experiment on selective permeability of membrane State factors affecting osmosis Explain the role of osmosis in organisms Explain the factors affecting osmosis Describe what happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic solution Carry out an experiment to show plasmolysis in epidermal cells of an onion bulb Describe osmosis of animal cells in a hypertonic solution List down factors affecting active transport Define active transport Define the role of active transport in living things Define nutrition Write down the importance of nutrition List down the modes of feeding in organisms Draw and label the external structure of a leaf Draw and label the internal structure of the leaf Name the parts of a leaf State the functions of the parts of a leaf Define photosynthesis Draw and label the chloroplast Describe the process of photosynthesis List down the importance of photosynthesis Explain some of the factors influencing photosynthesis Explain the factors affecting photosynthesis Explain how the leaf is adapted to the process of photosynthesis Test the presence of starch in a green leaf Investigate whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF Investigate whether light is necessary for photosynthesis carry out an experiment to investigate whether • Carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis • Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis Define Chemicals of life List down types of carbohydrates Write down properties and functions of monosaccharaides Define disaccharides List properties and functions of disaccharides Define hydrolysis and condensation Define polysaccharides and lipids Write down the properties of polysaccharides and lipids carry out tests on • Starch • Reducing sugars • Non-reducing sugar • Lipids • Proteins • Vitamin c Write down the properties and functions of proteins Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins and lipids Define enzymes Write down the properties and functions of enzymes Know the naming of the enzymes and their substrates Explain the importance of enzymes carry out an experiment on • Effect of temperature on enzymes • Effects of enzyme concentration on the rate of a reaction • Effect of PH on enzyme activities Define hetetrophism List down the different modes of heterotrophism and describe them Define dentition 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF Draw and label different types of teeth Describe the structure of a tooth Identify different types of teeth Describe the adaptations of the teeth to their functions Define dental formulae Describe and write down the dental formulae of herbivore carnivore and omnivore Write down the definition of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores Explain the adaptations of dental formulae in various groups of animals, to their mode of feeding Draw and label the internal structure of different types of teeth Write down the functions of the different parts of the internal structure of teeth Name and discuss common dental diseases Write down the adaptations of herbivores to their mode of feeding Write down the adaptations of carnivores to their modes of feeding Identify various organs associated with the digestive system of a rabbit Draw and label parts of the human digestive system Describe the regions of the alimentary canal of human digestive system Explain the functions of the human digestive system Describe the various regions of the human alimentary canal and their functions Describe how the ileum is adapted to its function Analyze the food content in the alimentary canal of a herbivore Carry out an experiment on the breakdown of starch by diastase enzymes Describe how the ileum is farther adapted to its functions Explain the end products of the digestion of various food Explain the function of the colon Explain the process of assimilation of food substances Write down the summary of chemical digestion in alimentary canal Write down the importance of vitamins in human nutrition 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF Write down the sources of vitamins State deficiency diseases of various vitamins Write down the importance of mineral salts in human nutrition State the source of mineral salts State the deficiency diseases of mineral salts Write down the role of roughage in nutrition Write down the role of water in nutrition Discuss factors which determine energy requirements in human beings Participate in group discussions and present findings on factors that determine energy requirements in human beings Introduction To Biology • Biology derived from Greek words - BIOS meaning LIFE and LOGOS meaning STUDY or KNOWLEDGE • Biology means "life knowledge" • It is the study of living things/organisms Branches of Biology • Botany - study of plants • Zoology - study of animals • Microbiology - study' of microscopic organisms • Morphology - study of external structure of organisms • Anatomy - study of internal structure of organisms • Physiology - study of the functioning or working of the cells or body • Biochemistry - study of the chemistry of materials in living organisms • Cytology - study of cells • Genetics - study of inheritance • Ecology- study of the relationship between organisms and their environment • Taxonomy - sorting out of organisms into groups • Histology - study of fine structure of tissues • Virology - study of viruses • Bacteriology - study of bacteria • Entomology - study of insects • Ichthyology - study of fish 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF Importance of Biology • One learns about the functioning of the human body • One understands the developmental changes that take place in the body • It contributes immensely to improved life • It enables one to enter careers such as: Medicine, Nutrition, Public Health, Dentistry, Agriculture Environmental Studies Teaching Characteristics of Living Things Life defined through observations of activities carried out by living things; Nutrition Nutrition is the processes by which food/nutrients are acquired/made and utilized by living organisms Green plants and certain bacteria make their own food All other organisms feed on complex organic materials Respiration This is the breakdown of food to provide energy The energy released is used for various activities in the organism • Gaseous Exchange – Process throw which respiratory gases(CO2&O2) are taken in and out through a respiratory surface Excretion Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from the body Substances like urea, carbon dioxide (Carbon (IV) oxide) These substances are poisonous if allowed to accumulate in the body Growth and Development 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF Growth means irreversible change in size All organisms increase in size that is, they grow Development is irreversible change in complexity As they do so, they also become differentiated in form • Reproduction-Reproduction is the formation of new individuals of a species to ensure continued existence of a species and growth of its population Irritability The ability of organisms to detect and respond to changes in the environment This is of great survival value to the organism Movement Is the progressive change in position from one place to another Some organisms are sessile (ie fixed to the substratum) The majority of plants move only certain parts Collection and Observation of Organisms Biology as a practical subject is learnt through humane handling of organisms Materials needed for collection of organisms • Knives to cut portions of plant stem/root or uproot • Polythene bags to put the collected plant or specimens • Insect collecting jars • Insect killing jars • Hand gloves • Sweep nets • Pooters • Traps Observation of Organisms • Observe the plant/animal in its natural habitat before collecting • Identify the exact place -on surface, under rock, on tree trunk, on branches • What does it feed on? 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF • How does it interact with other animals and the environment? • How many of that kind of plant or animal are in a particular place? • Plant specimens placed on the bench and sorted out into;- seeds/stems/roots/leaves/fruits • Animal specimens may be left inside polythene bags if transparent • Others (killed ones) are put in petri¬ dishes • Use hand lens to observe the external features of small animals Presenting the Results of Observations • Organisms are observed and important features noted down: colour, texture ¬hard or soft; if hairy or not Size is measured or estimated • Biological Drawings - It is necessary to draw some of the organisms • In making a biological drawing, magnification (enlargement) is noted • Indicate the magnification of your drawing • ie how many times the drawing is larger/smaller than the actual specimen MG=length of drawing/length specimen How to Draw How does it interact with other animals and the environment • Several drawings of one organism may be necessary to represent all features observed, eg • Anterior view of grasshopper shows all mouth parts properly, but not all limbs • Lateral (side) view shows all the legs Collection, Observation and Recording of Organisms Collection • Plants and animals collected from the environment, near school or within school compound using nets, bottles and gloves • Animals collected include:-arthropods, earthworms and small vertebrates like lizards/chameleons/ rodents 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF • Place in polythene bags and take to the laboratory • Stinging/poisonous insects killed using ether • Other animals are observed live and returned to their natural habitat • Plant specimen collected include:- leaves, flowers and whole plants • Observations are made to show the following:- Plants have roots, stems, leaves and flowers Animals have legs, hair, hard outer covering, feathers, eyes, mouth, limbs and other appendages, The differences between animals and plants collected Comparison Between Plants And Animals Classification I Introduction • Classification is putting organisms into groups • Classification is based on the study of external characteristics of organisms • It involves detailed observation of structure and functions of organisms • Organisms with similar characteristics are put in one group • Differences in structure are used to distinguish one group from another • The magnifying lens is an instrument that assists in the observation of fine structure eg hairs by enlarging them 4/27/2020 Biology Notes Form 1 PDF | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers PDF Using a Magnifying Lens • A specimen is placed on the bench or held by hand, • Then the magnifying lens is moved towards the eye until the object is dearly focused and an enlarged image is seen The magnification can be worked out as follows: Magnification = length of the drawing/ length of the specimen Note: magnification has no units.