Pediatric Case Studies |Asthma  RSV  Cystic Fibrosis  Influenza  Ectopia Cordis  Rheumatic Fever  Cardiomyopathy

Pediatric Case Studies Contents:  Asthma  RSV  Cystic Fibrosis  Influenza  Ectopia Cordis  Rheumatic Fever  Cardiomyopathy  Tetralogy of Fallot  Parvovirus B19 (Fifth Disease)  Congenital Syphilis  Hepatitis B  Osteomyelitis (1)  Sickle Cell Anemia  Diabetes Mellitus type 1  Diabetes Mellitus type 2  Hirschsprung's Disease  Appendicitis  Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome Asthma A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that results in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of the bronchioles. The obstruction occurs either by inflammation of airway hyper-responsiveness. Nursing Diagnosis: 1.) Activity Intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand 2.) Anxiety related to situational crisis 3.) Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar-capillary changes 4.) Ineffective breathing pattern related to decreased energy/fatigue 5.) Deficient knowledge Nursing Care: Assess respiratory rate, breath sounds, airway patency, symmetry, effort, and use of accessory muscles. Use pulse oximetry to monitor oxygen saturation in the least invasive manner to note adequacy of oxygenation and ensure early detection of hypoxemia. Position for comfort with open airway and room for lung expansion and use pillows or padding if necessary to maintain position to ensure optimal ventilation via maximum lung expansion. Encourage incentive spirometry and coughing with deep breathing (can be accomplished through play) to maximize ventilation (play enhances the child’s participation). Monitor ABG values and pulse oximetry readings to evaluate oxygenation and respiratory status. Administer O2 as ordered to help reduce hypoxemia end reduce respiratory distress. Force fluids to liquefy secretions and prevent dehydration r/t increased respiratory rate. Provide nebulizer treatment as ordered to liquefy secretions. Suction airway as needed to remove secretions. Remain with the child and offer reassurance during periods of respiratory difficulty to relieve anxiety. Administer bronchodilators and antibiotics as ordered. Monitor for effectiveness and check for adverse effects. Schedule necessary care activities to provide frequent rest periods to prevent fatigue and reduce oxygen demand. Identify the child’s developmental level and select appropriate teaching methods (older school age age-group use demonstration and audiovisual materials such as body outline). Teach the child pursed lip breathing, abdominal breathing and relaxation techniques. Encourage parents’ verbalization of concerns related to child’s illness: allows for identification of concerns and demonstrates to the family that the nurse also cares about them, not just the child. Explain therapy, procedures, and child’s behavior to