Transition to Nursing Practice Test 1
Patient Teaching - Answer -Patient education is an ongoing process where the nurse
organizes experiences in varied ways to facilitate patient learning
*Powerful means for achieving the goals of nursing: to prevent illness, promote/restore
health, and facilitate coping with chronic and terminal illness
What is the purpose of patient education? - Answer -Purpose: to help patients become
confident and independent in managing their health
Learning - Answer A process by which a person acquires or increases knowledge or
changes behavior in a measurable way as a result of an experience
Responsibilities of the Nurse with Patient Teaching - Answer -Determine what the
patient needs to know
-Determine when the patient is ready to learn
-Perform teaching to patients on what they need to know
-Evaluate effectiveness of teaching (positive reinforcement)
What are the learning needs of the patient? - Answer -What is their present knowledge
and previous experience?
-Are there barriers which may prevent the patient's illness from being managed
effectively?
-Is the patient ready or reluctant to learn new information?
-How does the patient prefer to be taught?
-What is the role of the family in providing care to the patient?
-Are there cultural or spiritual beliefs related to the illness and treatment that must be
considered?
Teaching-Learning Principles that Promote Learning - Answer 1. Modify environment as
needed for teaching
2. Repeat teaching methods, as needed
Cognitive Learning - Answer [Knowledge]
ie. Pt. states how diet affects their BS levels
Affective Learning - Answer [Values and Feelings]
ie. Pt.'s feelings r/t giving themselves insulin
Psychomotor Learning - Answer [Skills]
ie. Pt. will demonstrate aseptic technique when giving themselves insulin
What are factors that can interfere with patient teaching? - Answer -Physical discomfort
-Environmental factors (hot/cold, odors, excess noise)
-Lack of time (must make time for teaching)
, -Health literacy factors (must be able to read at an 8th grade level or above)
Health Literacy - Answer Ability to understand teachings and health literacy (to
independently meet the reading and writing demands placed upon them)
Functional Illiteracy - Answer Reading and writing skills that are inadequate "to manage
daily living and employment tasks that require reading skills beyond a basic level"
How can functional illiteracies affect patients? - Answer -Patients obtain less information
from health education materials
-May become overwhelmed with information, however may be too uncomfortable to ask
questions
-Misinformation, miscommunication, and mistakes may occur
-Wrong medication doses may be taken
-May be unaware of important treatment side effects or need for follow-up testing
Evidence-Based Practice - Answer
What is the purpose of evidence-based practice? - Answer
What is the goal of evidence-based practice? - Answer
Normal Acid-Base Balance - Answer Our body fluid must maintain a balance between
acidity and alkalinity in order for life to be maintained
3 Levels of Defense Against Acid-Base Imbalance - Answer 1. Basic Cellular Buffers:
operate inside and near cells and their role is to quickly neutralize any excess acids in
the immediate environment
2. Lungs: monitor and control carbon dioxide (CO2) levels
3. Kidneys: Monitor and control hydrogen and bicarbonate (HCO3) levels
What affects the blood pH with the respiratory buffer? - Answer [CO2 is carried in the
blood to the lungs, where excess CO2 combines with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid
(H2CO3) --> changes pH]
The blood pH will change according to the level of carbonic acid present.
What do the lungs do in response to a blood pH change and how quickly does the
compensation by the lungs begin to occur? - Answer This triggers the lungs to either
increase or decrease the rate and depth of ventilation until the appropriate amount of
CO2 has been re-established
How do the kidneys compensate for a blood pH change and what is the time required
for compensation to begin? - Answer -In order to maintain the pH of the blood in its
normal range, the kidneys excrete or reabsorb bicarbonate (HCO3)
-As the blood pH decreases, the kidneys will compensate by reabsorbing HCO3 back
into the blood
Patient Teaching - Answer -Patient education is an ongoing process where the nurse
organizes experiences in varied ways to facilitate patient learning
*Powerful means for achieving the goals of nursing: to prevent illness, promote/restore
health, and facilitate coping with chronic and terminal illness
What is the purpose of patient education? - Answer -Purpose: to help patients become
confident and independent in managing their health
Learning - Answer A process by which a person acquires or increases knowledge or
changes behavior in a measurable way as a result of an experience
Responsibilities of the Nurse with Patient Teaching - Answer -Determine what the
patient needs to know
-Determine when the patient is ready to learn
-Perform teaching to patients on what they need to know
-Evaluate effectiveness of teaching (positive reinforcement)
What are the learning needs of the patient? - Answer -What is their present knowledge
and previous experience?
-Are there barriers which may prevent the patient's illness from being managed
effectively?
-Is the patient ready or reluctant to learn new information?
-How does the patient prefer to be taught?
-What is the role of the family in providing care to the patient?
-Are there cultural or spiritual beliefs related to the illness and treatment that must be
considered?
Teaching-Learning Principles that Promote Learning - Answer 1. Modify environment as
needed for teaching
2. Repeat teaching methods, as needed
Cognitive Learning - Answer [Knowledge]
ie. Pt. states how diet affects their BS levels
Affective Learning - Answer [Values and Feelings]
ie. Pt.'s feelings r/t giving themselves insulin
Psychomotor Learning - Answer [Skills]
ie. Pt. will demonstrate aseptic technique when giving themselves insulin
What are factors that can interfere with patient teaching? - Answer -Physical discomfort
-Environmental factors (hot/cold, odors, excess noise)
-Lack of time (must make time for teaching)
, -Health literacy factors (must be able to read at an 8th grade level or above)
Health Literacy - Answer Ability to understand teachings and health literacy (to
independently meet the reading and writing demands placed upon them)
Functional Illiteracy - Answer Reading and writing skills that are inadequate "to manage
daily living and employment tasks that require reading skills beyond a basic level"
How can functional illiteracies affect patients? - Answer -Patients obtain less information
from health education materials
-May become overwhelmed with information, however may be too uncomfortable to ask
questions
-Misinformation, miscommunication, and mistakes may occur
-Wrong medication doses may be taken
-May be unaware of important treatment side effects or need for follow-up testing
Evidence-Based Practice - Answer
What is the purpose of evidence-based practice? - Answer
What is the goal of evidence-based practice? - Answer
Normal Acid-Base Balance - Answer Our body fluid must maintain a balance between
acidity and alkalinity in order for life to be maintained
3 Levels of Defense Against Acid-Base Imbalance - Answer 1. Basic Cellular Buffers:
operate inside and near cells and their role is to quickly neutralize any excess acids in
the immediate environment
2. Lungs: monitor and control carbon dioxide (CO2) levels
3. Kidneys: Monitor and control hydrogen and bicarbonate (HCO3) levels
What affects the blood pH with the respiratory buffer? - Answer [CO2 is carried in the
blood to the lungs, where excess CO2 combines with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid
(H2CO3) --> changes pH]
The blood pH will change according to the level of carbonic acid present.
What do the lungs do in response to a blood pH change and how quickly does the
compensation by the lungs begin to occur? - Answer This triggers the lungs to either
increase or decrease the rate and depth of ventilation until the appropriate amount of
CO2 has been re-established
How do the kidneys compensate for a blood pH change and what is the time required
for compensation to begin? - Answer -In order to maintain the pH of the blood in its
normal range, the kidneys excrete or reabsorb bicarbonate (HCO3)
-As the blood pH decreases, the kidneys will compensate by reabsorbing HCO3 back
into the blood
