Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology
A. Multiple Choice
Key/
Page No.
b 1. Physiology is the study of
1 a. matter, energy and their interactions.
b. how organisms function.
c. the mind.
d. temperament and character based on outward appearances.
a 2. The process of maintaining physiological stability in the face of disturbance is
1 referred to as
a. homeostasis.
b. homeothermy.
c. home remedy.
d. homeopathy.
c 3. Which of the following statements is true?
1 a. Structure/function relationships are evident at the organismal level,
but not at the molecular level.
b. Evolution by natural selection led to physiologic adaptation
historically, but is not relevant to extant organisms.
c. Homeostasis is the tendency toward relative stability in the internal
environment of an organism.
d. Feedback control refers specifically to the homeostatic mechanisms
that help organisms stop eating when they’re satiated.
c 4. The August Krogh Principle states that
3 a. understanding physiology can only be accomplished through the study
of evolution by natural selection.
b. the shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
c. understanding physiological phenomena is enhanced by studying
model organisms that have adapted to deal with particular
physiological challenges.
d. salamanders are good for studying regeneration of limbs since what
will be learned can be applied to human medicine.
a 5. Which of the following is NOT part of the hypothetico-deductive method of
6 scientific investigation?
a. proving one's hypothesis
b. asking questions about the natural world
c. proposing explanations for phenomena in the natural world
d. designing experiments that enable one to test a hypothesis
1
, e. conducting experiments and making observations
b 6. The smallest unit of life is
7 a. a DNA molecule.
b. a cell.
c. an organelle.
d. a virus.
e. a protein.
e 7. The basic functions of all cells include
7 a. self-organization.
b. self-regulation.
c. self-support (structural) and movement.
d. self-replication.
e. all of the above
d 8. Which of the following terms have NO relationship?
2 a. adaptations and cost-benefit ratio
13-17 b. homologous traits and a common ancestry
c. negative feedback and set point
d. feedforward system and acclimiatization
e. antagonistic control and two effectors
e 9. The primary types of tissues found in animals are
9, 10 a. muscular.
b. nervous.
c. epithelial.
d. connective.
e. all of the above
a 10. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?
9 a. muscle
b. bone
c. blood
d. tendon
e. cartilage
d 11. Which of the following statements is true?
10 a. The only physiological function for which surface-area-to-volume ratio
F 1-4 is relevant is digestion.
b. The only physiological function for which surface-area-to-volume ratio
is irrelevant is reproduction.
c. For any physiological function, a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is
advantageous.
d. Surface area increases as the square of the linear dimension while
volume increases as the cube.
e. All statements are true.
b 12. With respect to thermoregulation, most fishes are
13 a. regulators.
2
, b. conformers.
c. warm-blooded.
d. best fried.
c 13. Enantiostasis is
13 a. the maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment by direct
compensatory mechanisms.
b. the maintenance of one of two constant internal environments, in
which the two environments are mirror images of each other.
c. the maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment by an
indirect compensatory mechanism.
d. none of these.
b 14. From a physiological perspective, the increase in pelage (i.e. fur) that some
17 mammals experience in winter represents
a. acclimation.
b. acclimatization.
c. adaptation.
d. feedback inhibition.
b 15. Some hormones act to regulate the concentration of intracellular signals like
17, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, or cAMP) by activating or
18 inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for its production, or by
activating or inhibiting phosphodiesterases, which are responsible for its
destruction. Cyclic AMP, in turn, functions by activating enzyme cascades
that set certain metabolic pathways in motion.
The regulation of cAMP levels in cells is an example of
a. homeostasis.
b. rheostasis.
c. equilibrium.
d. adaptation.
e. all of these.
a 16. In physiological terms, a set point can be defined as
13, a. the value of a parameter, such as the concentration of sugar in the
14 blood, that homeostatic mechanisms aim to maintain.
b. the value of a parameter, such as the concentration of sugar in the
blood, that set homeostatic mechanisms in motion.
c. the location in a thermal gradient at which a poikilothermic organism
rests, reflecting is preferred body temperature.
d. the winning stroke in a tennis match.
a 17. Prior to being used as subjects, many laboratory animals are given a period of
17 time to get used to the conditions in the laboratory, e.g., the light/dark cycle.
The process they undergo during this time is referred to as
a. acclimation.
b. acclimatization.
c. adaptation.
d. adjustment.
e. evolution.
a 18. The nervous system is an example of a system.
3
, 21 a. whole-body control
b. maintenance
c. support and movement
d. reproductive
e. solar plexus
e 19. Drinking, a behavioral effector of homeostatic control of body fluid levels,
21, involves which of the following physiological systems?
22 a. nervous
b. endocrine
c. muscular
d. skeletal
e. all of these
e 20. Which of the following is NOT transported by the circulatory system?
22 a. nutrients
b. dissolved gases
c. electrolytes
d. heat
e. none of these
e 21. Which of the following disciplinary courses of study contribute to
3, 4 understanding physiology?
a. physics
b. genomics
c. evolution
d. molecular biology
e. all of these
d 22. Teleology is
2 a. the study of bony fishes.
b. the study of life on other planets.
c. the study of media for mass communication.
d. explanations that presume a purposeful goal for evolutionary
adaptations.
e. the study of bald-headed men.
d 23. Pancreatic acinar cells are specialized for secreting digestive enzymes
7 ultimately into the small intestine. This specialization reflects an elaboration
of which of the following basic cell functions?
a. obtaining oxygen and nutrients
b. eliminating wastes
c. synthesizing components needed for the cell's survival
d. controlling movement of materials between the cell and its
environment
e. reproducing
e 24. Which of the following body parameters is NOT homeostatically maintained?
12, a. concentration of blood sugar
13 b. concentration of dissolved gases
c. blood volume
d. blood pressure
e. urine volume
b 25. Based on phylogenetic analysis, to which of the following phyla are chordates
4
A. Multiple Choice
Key/
Page No.
b 1. Physiology is the study of
1 a. matter, energy and their interactions.
b. how organisms function.
c. the mind.
d. temperament and character based on outward appearances.
a 2. The process of maintaining physiological stability in the face of disturbance is
1 referred to as
a. homeostasis.
b. homeothermy.
c. home remedy.
d. homeopathy.
c 3. Which of the following statements is true?
1 a. Structure/function relationships are evident at the organismal level,
but not at the molecular level.
b. Evolution by natural selection led to physiologic adaptation
historically, but is not relevant to extant organisms.
c. Homeostasis is the tendency toward relative stability in the internal
environment of an organism.
d. Feedback control refers specifically to the homeostatic mechanisms
that help organisms stop eating when they’re satiated.
c 4. The August Krogh Principle states that
3 a. understanding physiology can only be accomplished through the study
of evolution by natural selection.
b. the shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
c. understanding physiological phenomena is enhanced by studying
model organisms that have adapted to deal with particular
physiological challenges.
d. salamanders are good for studying regeneration of limbs since what
will be learned can be applied to human medicine.
a 5. Which of the following is NOT part of the hypothetico-deductive method of
6 scientific investigation?
a. proving one's hypothesis
b. asking questions about the natural world
c. proposing explanations for phenomena in the natural world
d. designing experiments that enable one to test a hypothesis
1
, e. conducting experiments and making observations
b 6. The smallest unit of life is
7 a. a DNA molecule.
b. a cell.
c. an organelle.
d. a virus.
e. a protein.
e 7. The basic functions of all cells include
7 a. self-organization.
b. self-regulation.
c. self-support (structural) and movement.
d. self-replication.
e. all of the above
d 8. Which of the following terms have NO relationship?
2 a. adaptations and cost-benefit ratio
13-17 b. homologous traits and a common ancestry
c. negative feedback and set point
d. feedforward system and acclimiatization
e. antagonistic control and two effectors
e 9. The primary types of tissues found in animals are
9, 10 a. muscular.
b. nervous.
c. epithelial.
d. connective.
e. all of the above
a 10. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?
9 a. muscle
b. bone
c. blood
d. tendon
e. cartilage
d 11. Which of the following statements is true?
10 a. The only physiological function for which surface-area-to-volume ratio
F 1-4 is relevant is digestion.
b. The only physiological function for which surface-area-to-volume ratio
is irrelevant is reproduction.
c. For any physiological function, a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is
advantageous.
d. Surface area increases as the square of the linear dimension while
volume increases as the cube.
e. All statements are true.
b 12. With respect to thermoregulation, most fishes are
13 a. regulators.
2
, b. conformers.
c. warm-blooded.
d. best fried.
c 13. Enantiostasis is
13 a. the maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment by direct
compensatory mechanisms.
b. the maintenance of one of two constant internal environments, in
which the two environments are mirror images of each other.
c. the maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment by an
indirect compensatory mechanism.
d. none of these.
b 14. From a physiological perspective, the increase in pelage (i.e. fur) that some
17 mammals experience in winter represents
a. acclimation.
b. acclimatization.
c. adaptation.
d. feedback inhibition.
b 15. Some hormones act to regulate the concentration of intracellular signals like
17, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, or cAMP) by activating or
18 inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for its production, or by
activating or inhibiting phosphodiesterases, which are responsible for its
destruction. Cyclic AMP, in turn, functions by activating enzyme cascades
that set certain metabolic pathways in motion.
The regulation of cAMP levels in cells is an example of
a. homeostasis.
b. rheostasis.
c. equilibrium.
d. adaptation.
e. all of these.
a 16. In physiological terms, a set point can be defined as
13, a. the value of a parameter, such as the concentration of sugar in the
14 blood, that homeostatic mechanisms aim to maintain.
b. the value of a parameter, such as the concentration of sugar in the
blood, that set homeostatic mechanisms in motion.
c. the location in a thermal gradient at which a poikilothermic organism
rests, reflecting is preferred body temperature.
d. the winning stroke in a tennis match.
a 17. Prior to being used as subjects, many laboratory animals are given a period of
17 time to get used to the conditions in the laboratory, e.g., the light/dark cycle.
The process they undergo during this time is referred to as
a. acclimation.
b. acclimatization.
c. adaptation.
d. adjustment.
e. evolution.
a 18. The nervous system is an example of a system.
3
, 21 a. whole-body control
b. maintenance
c. support and movement
d. reproductive
e. solar plexus
e 19. Drinking, a behavioral effector of homeostatic control of body fluid levels,
21, involves which of the following physiological systems?
22 a. nervous
b. endocrine
c. muscular
d. skeletal
e. all of these
e 20. Which of the following is NOT transported by the circulatory system?
22 a. nutrients
b. dissolved gases
c. electrolytes
d. heat
e. none of these
e 21. Which of the following disciplinary courses of study contribute to
3, 4 understanding physiology?
a. physics
b. genomics
c. evolution
d. molecular biology
e. all of these
d 22. Teleology is
2 a. the study of bony fishes.
b. the study of life on other planets.
c. the study of media for mass communication.
d. explanations that presume a purposeful goal for evolutionary
adaptations.
e. the study of bald-headed men.
d 23. Pancreatic acinar cells are specialized for secreting digestive enzymes
7 ultimately into the small intestine. This specialization reflects an elaboration
of which of the following basic cell functions?
a. obtaining oxygen and nutrients
b. eliminating wastes
c. synthesizing components needed for the cell's survival
d. controlling movement of materials between the cell and its
environment
e. reproducing
e 24. Which of the following body parameters is NOT homeostatically maintained?
12, a. concentration of blood sugar
13 b. concentration of dissolved gases
c. blood volume
d. blood pressure
e. urine volume
b 25. Based on phylogenetic analysis, to which of the following phyla are chordates
4
