Human Development - Exam 1 (Chapter
1-4)
Child Development - Answer The scientific study of the patterns of growth, change, and
stability that occur from conception through adolescence.
Three Major Approaches to Child Development - Answer 1. Social and Personal
Development
2. Physical Development
3. Cognitive Development
Physical Development - Answer Examines how brain, nervous system, muscles,
sensory capabilities, and needs for food, drink, and sleep affect behavior.
ExQ:
What determines the sex of a child
What are the long-term consequences of premature birth
What are the benefits of breast-feeding
What are the consequences of early or late sexual masturbation
Cognitive Development - Answer Emphasizes intellectual abilities, including learning,
memory, language development, problem solving, and intelligence
ExQ:
What are the earliest memories that can be recalled from infancy
What are the consequences of watching television
Are there benefits to bilingualism
Are there ethnic and racial differences in intelligence
How does an adolescent's egocentrism affect his or her view of the world
Personality and Social Development - Answer Examines enduring characteristics that
differentiate one person from anotehr and how interactions with others and social
relationships grow and change over the life span
ExQ:
Do newborns respond differently to their mothers than to others
What is the best procedure for disciplining children
When does a sense of gender develop
How can we promote cross-race friendships
What are the causes of adolescent suicide
Prenatal - Answer Conception to Birth
Infancy and Toddlerhood - Answer Birth to three
Preschool Period - Answer three to six
, Middle School Period - Answer six to twelve
Adolescence - Answer six to twenty
Cohort - Answer A group of people born at around the same time in the same place
Cohort Effect - Answer An example of history graded influences, which are biological
and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment (9/11).
Age-graded Influence - Answer Biological and environmental influences that are similar
to individuals in a particular age group, regardless of when or where they are raised.
Social-Cultural Graded Influences - Answer Ethnicity, Social Class, Subcultural
Membership, etc.
Non-normative Life Events - Answer Specific Life events, atypical events that occur in a
particular person's life at a time when such events do not happen to most people (a
parent/child dies).
Locke - Answer tabula rasa "blank slate"
children entirely shaped by experiences as they grow up
Locke considered a child to be a tabula rasa - which is Latin for "blank slate". In this
view children entered the wolrd with no specific characteristics or personalities. Instead
they were entirely shaped by their experiences as they grew up.
Rousseau - Answer Noble Savages
Children born with an innate sense of right and wrong and morality
Rousseau argued that children were noble savages, meaning that they were born with
an innate sense of right and wrong and morality.
Baby Biographies - Answer First time children were methodically studied
Observers traced the growth of single child
Among the first instances in which children were methodically studied cam in the form of
baby biographies which were popular in the late 1700s in Germany.
Observers—typically parents—tried to trace the growth of a single child, recording the
physical and linguistic milestones achieved by their child.
It was not until Charles Darwin, who developed the theory of evolution that observation
of children took a more systematic turn.
Darwin was convinced that understanding the development of individuals within a
species could help identify how the species
development itself had developed.
Contributions of Women - Answer Women made significant contributions to child
development despite prejudice.
significant
Hollingworth - one of the first psychologists to focus on child development.
1-4)
Child Development - Answer The scientific study of the patterns of growth, change, and
stability that occur from conception through adolescence.
Three Major Approaches to Child Development - Answer 1. Social and Personal
Development
2. Physical Development
3. Cognitive Development
Physical Development - Answer Examines how brain, nervous system, muscles,
sensory capabilities, and needs for food, drink, and sleep affect behavior.
ExQ:
What determines the sex of a child
What are the long-term consequences of premature birth
What are the benefits of breast-feeding
What are the consequences of early or late sexual masturbation
Cognitive Development - Answer Emphasizes intellectual abilities, including learning,
memory, language development, problem solving, and intelligence
ExQ:
What are the earliest memories that can be recalled from infancy
What are the consequences of watching television
Are there benefits to bilingualism
Are there ethnic and racial differences in intelligence
How does an adolescent's egocentrism affect his or her view of the world
Personality and Social Development - Answer Examines enduring characteristics that
differentiate one person from anotehr and how interactions with others and social
relationships grow and change over the life span
ExQ:
Do newborns respond differently to their mothers than to others
What is the best procedure for disciplining children
When does a sense of gender develop
How can we promote cross-race friendships
What are the causes of adolescent suicide
Prenatal - Answer Conception to Birth
Infancy and Toddlerhood - Answer Birth to three
Preschool Period - Answer three to six
, Middle School Period - Answer six to twelve
Adolescence - Answer six to twenty
Cohort - Answer A group of people born at around the same time in the same place
Cohort Effect - Answer An example of history graded influences, which are biological
and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment (9/11).
Age-graded Influence - Answer Biological and environmental influences that are similar
to individuals in a particular age group, regardless of when or where they are raised.
Social-Cultural Graded Influences - Answer Ethnicity, Social Class, Subcultural
Membership, etc.
Non-normative Life Events - Answer Specific Life events, atypical events that occur in a
particular person's life at a time when such events do not happen to most people (a
parent/child dies).
Locke - Answer tabula rasa "blank slate"
children entirely shaped by experiences as they grow up
Locke considered a child to be a tabula rasa - which is Latin for "blank slate". In this
view children entered the wolrd with no specific characteristics or personalities. Instead
they were entirely shaped by their experiences as they grew up.
Rousseau - Answer Noble Savages
Children born with an innate sense of right and wrong and morality
Rousseau argued that children were noble savages, meaning that they were born with
an innate sense of right and wrong and morality.
Baby Biographies - Answer First time children were methodically studied
Observers traced the growth of single child
Among the first instances in which children were methodically studied cam in the form of
baby biographies which were popular in the late 1700s in Germany.
Observers—typically parents—tried to trace the growth of a single child, recording the
physical and linguistic milestones achieved by their child.
It was not until Charles Darwin, who developed the theory of evolution that observation
of children took a more systematic turn.
Darwin was convinced that understanding the development of individuals within a
species could help identify how the species
development itself had developed.
Contributions of Women - Answer Women made significant contributions to child
development despite prejudice.
significant
Hollingworth - one of the first psychologists to focus on child development.
