WGU C785 Biochemistry Study Guide

acids? 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3' Which RNA sequence would end in the following polypeptide? Phe-Thr-Val-Stop 5' - UUC ACA GUA UAA - 3' What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence? 5’ – GCC ATC TCG AAT – 3’ 5’ – ATT CGA GAT GGC – 3’ Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete PCR cycles? 16 What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? It recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence. Which type of mutation and outcome characterizes the Mutant DNA? A missense mutation leading to a longer protein In sickle-cell disease, the glutamic acid (Glu) at position number six is mutated to valine (Val). What change in codons corresponds to the correct DNA mutation? GAA to GTA Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction. What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people addicted to cocaine increases their expression? The nucleosomes become more widely spaced. Mice with low levels of agouti gene expression tend to have yellow fur and are obese, while mice with higher levels of expression are brown and of normal weight. Studies show that expression of the agouti gene in mice can be controlled by epigenetics. What scenario describes epigenetic regulation of the agouti gene? Mother mice fed methyl-rich diets during pregnancy give birth to offspring with decreased agouti gene expression compared to those fed a methyl-poor diet. Oxidative damage to DNA can often result in the alteration of a single nucleotide. Which DNA repair mechanism would repair this type of damage? Base excision repair Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional. Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general population? The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair. Which reaction is responsible for the formation of polypeptides? Dehydration Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box? Carboxyl group Which amino acid side group is polar? When placed within a polypeptide chain, which amino acid would interact most favorably with nonpolar amino acids? Which term describes the order of amino acids in a peptide chain? Primary structure When using heat to denature a protein, which force is the first to be disrupted as temperature increases? Hydrophobic interactions A commonly used technique for protein denaturation is adding an acid or a base to dramatically change the pH. Which force is most impacted by this change in pH? Ionic bonds An active elderly patient is becoming frequently disoriented, having trouble recalling her daily routine, and becoming aggravated easily. She forgets words and places and has difficulty recognizing her children. Which biochemical event is responsible for this patient’s behavior? Protein aggregation In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease state? A mutation in aconitase blocks an essential step in aerobic metabolism