EC-6 Core Subjects, TExES Core
Subjects EC-6 (291)
phoneme - Answer in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
morpheme - Answer in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a
word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
ex: mega, metro, chromo, phobia, hydro
grapheme - Answer a letter that represents a phoneme.
onset-rime - Answer The onset is the part of the word before the vowel; not all words
have onsets. The rime is the part of the word including the vowel and what follows it.
French and Indian War - Answer (1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the
English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
American Revolution - Answer This political revolution began with the Declaration of
Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between
government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy.
13th Amendment - Answer freed slaves
14th Amendment - Answer made black people citizens
15th Amendment - Answer black males were allowed to vote
atom - Answer Basic unit of matter
Smallest particle of an element,
protons - Answer Positively charged particles
electrons - Answer Negatively charged particles
neutrons - Answer no charge
the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Second Continental Congress - Answer Convened in May 1775, the Congress opposed
the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a
reconciliation, the Congress offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-
fire in Boston, that the Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin
immediately. King George III rejected the petition.
,democracy - Answer A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible
members of a state, typically through elected representatives
monoarchy - Answer Ruled by a king or queen
theocracy - Answer A government ruled by or subject to religious authority.
oligarchy - Answer A government ruled by a few powerful people
semantics - Answer The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their
historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one
another.
syntax - Answer The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed
sentences in a language.
Language Aquisition - Answer The process by which humans acquire the capacity to
perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and
sentences to communicate.
Noam Chomsky - Answer Created concept of "universal grammar"; pointed out how
children "overgeneralize" language rules and the concepts of "deep v. surface"
structures in language
imitation - Answer a copy that is represented as the original
phonology - Answer The study of the patterns and distributions of speech sounds in a
language and the tacit rules for their pronunciation.
morphology - Answer Structure of words
lexicon - Answer the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge
pragmatic - Answer Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based
on practical rather than theoretical considerations
connotation - Answer An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or
primary meaning
All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests
denotation - Answer literal meaning of the word.
Stages Language Development - Answer 1. The Babbling Stage (pre-language stage)
(0-6 months)
2. Holophrastic Stage (one-word stage) (11-19 months)
3. Two-Word Stage (13-24 months)
, 4. Telegraphic Stage (18-27 months): beyond the use of two-word communication.
5. Ages 2-3: children have about 200-300 words and can produce short sentences.
6. Age 4: children have 1,500 words in their vocabulary. They speak more complex
sentence structures, but their speech still contains pronunciation problems.
7. Age 5: have vocabulary of 2,100 words and a working knowledge of grammar and
language.
8. Age 6-7: have a speaking vocabulary of about 2,100 words and a comprehension
over 20,000 words.
9. Ages 8-12: begin using relative pronoun clauses (i.e. the boy whom you met
yesterday is my friend.)
listening skills - Answer although no well-defined model exists, some theorists link
listening skills to reading skills.
Activities to Promote Oral Communication - Answer dramatic play, language play, show
and tell, puppet show, turn and talk, interviews (pair interview- can promote oral
communication), oral presentations
intelligibility - Answer When other people can understand what you are saying. Has
resulted in the phonological core--features of phonology that are crucial.
language interference - Answer The interference of Language 1 over the structures of
Language 2 can cause errors.
Can happen at the word or sentence level. The most noticeable language interference
happens when students use the phonology of their first language to promote words in
English.
speaking checklist - Answer 1. Sticks to topic
2. Builds support for the student.
3. Speaks clearly.
4. Takes turns and waits to talk.
5. Talks so others in the group can hear.
6. Speaks smoothly.
7. Uses courteous language
8. Presents in an organized and interesting way
9. Supports the topical thesis
10. Answers questions effectively
11. Is comfortable speaking publicly
12. Maintains listeners' interests
13. Volunteer to answer in class
communication disorder - Answer an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process,
and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems.
Subjects EC-6 (291)
phoneme - Answer in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
morpheme - Answer in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a
word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
ex: mega, metro, chromo, phobia, hydro
grapheme - Answer a letter that represents a phoneme.
onset-rime - Answer The onset is the part of the word before the vowel; not all words
have onsets. The rime is the part of the word including the vowel and what follows it.
French and Indian War - Answer (1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the
English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
American Revolution - Answer This political revolution began with the Declaration of
Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between
government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy.
13th Amendment - Answer freed slaves
14th Amendment - Answer made black people citizens
15th Amendment - Answer black males were allowed to vote
atom - Answer Basic unit of matter
Smallest particle of an element,
protons - Answer Positively charged particles
electrons - Answer Negatively charged particles
neutrons - Answer no charge
the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Second Continental Congress - Answer Convened in May 1775, the Congress opposed
the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a
reconciliation, the Congress offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-
fire in Boston, that the Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin
immediately. King George III rejected the petition.
,democracy - Answer A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible
members of a state, typically through elected representatives
monoarchy - Answer Ruled by a king or queen
theocracy - Answer A government ruled by or subject to religious authority.
oligarchy - Answer A government ruled by a few powerful people
semantics - Answer The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their
historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one
another.
syntax - Answer The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed
sentences in a language.
Language Aquisition - Answer The process by which humans acquire the capacity to
perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and
sentences to communicate.
Noam Chomsky - Answer Created concept of "universal grammar"; pointed out how
children "overgeneralize" language rules and the concepts of "deep v. surface"
structures in language
imitation - Answer a copy that is represented as the original
phonology - Answer The study of the patterns and distributions of speech sounds in a
language and the tacit rules for their pronunciation.
morphology - Answer Structure of words
lexicon - Answer the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge
pragmatic - Answer Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based
on practical rather than theoretical considerations
connotation - Answer An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or
primary meaning
All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests
denotation - Answer literal meaning of the word.
Stages Language Development - Answer 1. The Babbling Stage (pre-language stage)
(0-6 months)
2. Holophrastic Stage (one-word stage) (11-19 months)
3. Two-Word Stage (13-24 months)
, 4. Telegraphic Stage (18-27 months): beyond the use of two-word communication.
5. Ages 2-3: children have about 200-300 words and can produce short sentences.
6. Age 4: children have 1,500 words in their vocabulary. They speak more complex
sentence structures, but their speech still contains pronunciation problems.
7. Age 5: have vocabulary of 2,100 words and a working knowledge of grammar and
language.
8. Age 6-7: have a speaking vocabulary of about 2,100 words and a comprehension
over 20,000 words.
9. Ages 8-12: begin using relative pronoun clauses (i.e. the boy whom you met
yesterday is my friend.)
listening skills - Answer although no well-defined model exists, some theorists link
listening skills to reading skills.
Activities to Promote Oral Communication - Answer dramatic play, language play, show
and tell, puppet show, turn and talk, interviews (pair interview- can promote oral
communication), oral presentations
intelligibility - Answer When other people can understand what you are saying. Has
resulted in the phonological core--features of phonology that are crucial.
language interference - Answer The interference of Language 1 over the structures of
Language 2 can cause errors.
Can happen at the word or sentence level. The most noticeable language interference
happens when students use the phonology of their first language to promote words in
English.
speaking checklist - Answer 1. Sticks to topic
2. Builds support for the student.
3. Speaks clearly.
4. Takes turns and waits to talk.
5. Talks so others in the group can hear.
6. Speaks smoothly.
7. Uses courteous language
8. Presents in an organized and interesting way
9. Supports the topical thesis
10. Answers questions effectively
11. Is comfortable speaking publicly
12. Maintains listeners' interests
13. Volunteer to answer in class
communication disorder - Answer an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process,
and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems.
