Chapter 1 What is personality psychology
2022年5月24日 14:34
Personality theory
Goals
1. Scientific observation without stereotypes
2. Systematic theory
3. Testable theory with evidence
4. Comprehensive theory (details)
5. Applicable
Purpose
- Understand how different aspects of an individual's functioning are related
- Able to describe individual accurately
Definition
Issues : - human universals
- Individual differences
- Individual uniqueness
-Strive to understand whole person
Person structure
- Stable, enduring aspects of personality
Personality traits (disposition)
- Consistent style of emotion or behavior that a person display in diff situation
Personality process
- Psychological reactions that change dynamically (change over time)
Personality development
- Separate nature and nurture
8 Approaches to explain personality
1. Psychoanalytic (affect by unconscious mind)
2. Ego (emphasis on self)
3. Trait (individual differences)
4. Biological (inherited)
5. Humanistic (self-acceptance)
6. Behavioral / Social learning (conditioning and expectation)
7. Cognitive (the way that ppl process info thru the brain)
8. Integrationist (differences selves in handling diff situation)
SP205 Personality Theory Page 1
,SP205 Personality Theory Page 2
, Chapter 2 Methodologies in studying personality
2022年5月24日 15:22
Types of Data
1. L-data (life-records data: Person's life history)
2. O-data (Observer data: parents, friends or teachers)
3. T-data (Test data: test or experiment)
4. S-data (Self-report data: subject himself)
*S-data often discrepant from T-data but closely related wif O-data
Reliability
- Measure are dependable
- Factors that affect reliability: mood, external factors
Validity
- Reflects the phenomena of interests in a given study
Ethics of research
- Welfare of the participants
- Report the research results
Case studies/ Clinical research
- Only ways to capture complexities of human personality
- Understand the unique qualities of client to design an intervention
- Human behave differently in diff situation
- Can have extensive contact wif subject
Limitations
- Cannot generalize data
- Cannot identify the causes
Questionnaire / Correlational research
- Gather many data at one time
- Correlation coefficient
Limitations
Cannot reveal other important variables
SP205 Personality Theory Page 3
2022年5月24日 14:34
Personality theory
Goals
1. Scientific observation without stereotypes
2. Systematic theory
3. Testable theory with evidence
4. Comprehensive theory (details)
5. Applicable
Purpose
- Understand how different aspects of an individual's functioning are related
- Able to describe individual accurately
Definition
Issues : - human universals
- Individual differences
- Individual uniqueness
-Strive to understand whole person
Person structure
- Stable, enduring aspects of personality
Personality traits (disposition)
- Consistent style of emotion or behavior that a person display in diff situation
Personality process
- Psychological reactions that change dynamically (change over time)
Personality development
- Separate nature and nurture
8 Approaches to explain personality
1. Psychoanalytic (affect by unconscious mind)
2. Ego (emphasis on self)
3. Trait (individual differences)
4. Biological (inherited)
5. Humanistic (self-acceptance)
6. Behavioral / Social learning (conditioning and expectation)
7. Cognitive (the way that ppl process info thru the brain)
8. Integrationist (differences selves in handling diff situation)
SP205 Personality Theory Page 1
,SP205 Personality Theory Page 2
, Chapter 2 Methodologies in studying personality
2022年5月24日 15:22
Types of Data
1. L-data (life-records data: Person's life history)
2. O-data (Observer data: parents, friends or teachers)
3. T-data (Test data: test or experiment)
4. S-data (Self-report data: subject himself)
*S-data often discrepant from T-data but closely related wif O-data
Reliability
- Measure are dependable
- Factors that affect reliability: mood, external factors
Validity
- Reflects the phenomena of interests in a given study
Ethics of research
- Welfare of the participants
- Report the research results
Case studies/ Clinical research
- Only ways to capture complexities of human personality
- Understand the unique qualities of client to design an intervention
- Human behave differently in diff situation
- Can have extensive contact wif subject
Limitations
- Cannot generalize data
- Cannot identify the causes
Questionnaire / Correlational research
- Gather many data at one time
- Correlation coefficient
Limitations
Cannot reveal other important variables
SP205 Personality Theory Page 3
