Module 1 Portage exam
what is microbiology - Answer the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and
their biological processes
what is the smallest biological unit of life - Answer cell
what is a macromolecule - Answer a complex molecule that is composed from smaller
subunits
what are the four main types of macromolecules - Answer Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
and polysaccharides
what various functions do proteins have in the cell - Answer -facilitate the movement of
materials in or out of a cell
-act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes
-play a structural role
- enable movement
two major types of nucleic acids - Answer DNA and RNA
what is the role of DNA - Answer contains a vast amount of hereditary information and
is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms
what is the role of RNA - Answer is responsible for deciphering the hereditary
information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
what are nucleic acids - Answer chemical molecules that carry genetic information
within the cell
what is the plasma membrane composed of - Answer composed of lipids (hydrophobic
hydrocarbons)
what is the function of the plasma membrane - Answer a surrounding barrier that
separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment
- restricts the movement of materials either in/out of the cell
what is influx (plasma membrane) - Answer allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is
needed
, what is outflux (plasma membrane) - Answer preventing the escape of essential
nutrients
what are the three main components of polysaccharides - Answer carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen atoms
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - Answer
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
What are the main morphologies of bacteria? - Answer coccus, bacillus , vibrio, spirillum
Describe bacteria coccus shape - Answer (round/spherical)
describe bacteria bacillus shape - Answer (rod)
describe bacteria vibrio shape - Answer (curved rod)
describe bacteria spirillum shape - Answer (spiral/corkscrew)
Which group (classification) of bacteria is noted for its ability to survive under harsh
conditions? - Answer archaea
What are the 4 main classifications of Eukarya? - Answer Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or
Protista
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - Answer no- not
considered living + can only replicate within a host
The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? - Answer primarily of
amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic head group and a
non-polar hydrophobic tail region.
What does hydrophobic mean? - Answer Water fearing
what does hydrophilic mean? - Answer water loving
describe structure of the lipid bilayer (heads and tails where and why) - Answer the non-
polar tail groups face inward thus orienting the polar head groups to interact with water
both outside and inside of the cell
What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? - Answer
Ribosomes, ER, Golgi, lysosomes , mitochondria and chloroplasts
role of ribosomes - Answer (protein synthesis)
what is microbiology - Answer the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and
their biological processes
what is the smallest biological unit of life - Answer cell
what is a macromolecule - Answer a complex molecule that is composed from smaller
subunits
what are the four main types of macromolecules - Answer Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
and polysaccharides
what various functions do proteins have in the cell - Answer -facilitate the movement of
materials in or out of a cell
-act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes
-play a structural role
- enable movement
two major types of nucleic acids - Answer DNA and RNA
what is the role of DNA - Answer contains a vast amount of hereditary information and
is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms
what is the role of RNA - Answer is responsible for deciphering the hereditary
information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
what are nucleic acids - Answer chemical molecules that carry genetic information
within the cell
what is the plasma membrane composed of - Answer composed of lipids (hydrophobic
hydrocarbons)
what is the function of the plasma membrane - Answer a surrounding barrier that
separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment
- restricts the movement of materials either in/out of the cell
what is influx (plasma membrane) - Answer allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is
needed
, what is outflux (plasma membrane) - Answer preventing the escape of essential
nutrients
what are the three main components of polysaccharides - Answer carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen atoms
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - Answer
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
What are the main morphologies of bacteria? - Answer coccus, bacillus , vibrio, spirillum
Describe bacteria coccus shape - Answer (round/spherical)
describe bacteria bacillus shape - Answer (rod)
describe bacteria vibrio shape - Answer (curved rod)
describe bacteria spirillum shape - Answer (spiral/corkscrew)
Which group (classification) of bacteria is noted for its ability to survive under harsh
conditions? - Answer archaea
What are the 4 main classifications of Eukarya? - Answer Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or
Protista
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - Answer no- not
considered living + can only replicate within a host
The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? - Answer primarily of
amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic head group and a
non-polar hydrophobic tail region.
What does hydrophobic mean? - Answer Water fearing
what does hydrophilic mean? - Answer water loving
describe structure of the lipid bilayer (heads and tails where and why) - Answer the non-
polar tail groups face inward thus orienting the polar head groups to interact with water
both outside and inside of the cell
What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? - Answer
Ribosomes, ER, Golgi, lysosomes , mitochondria and chloroplasts
role of ribosomes - Answer (protein synthesis)
