EXAM MODULE 1
1.True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism. False. Viruses are not living and
as such are not considered microorganisms. Viruses can, however, be classified as
microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses.
2.What is the smallest biological unit of life? A cell.
3. At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what? Macromolecules*
*A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides but they
must answer with all four to be fully correct.
4.How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins?
20
5.Define an essential amino acid. An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the
human body and as such must be take in from the environment through alternative sources
(i.e) food.
6.What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? There are two major
types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic
acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a
vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics
of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA
and using it to synthesize proteins.
7. Complete the following DNA strand and indicate how many bonds are
formed for each complementary pair:
3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CC AGC 3’
3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CCAGTAGC 3’
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.
8. The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
*A. Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell
,B. Is often a triple layer comprised of lipids
*C. Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing outward.
9.How many carbon atoms are present in the monosaccharide glucose? 6 The
molecular formula of Glucose is C6H12O6
10. True of False: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. False. Eukaryotic cells
do have a nucleus (prokaryotic cells do not).
11. True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Archaea. True
12. Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies. Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus
(rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
13. True or False: Archaea, a eukaryotic class of microorganisms, are capable of
surviving harsh environments. False. Archaea are prokaryotic bacteria capable of
surviving harsh environments
14.Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that
apply.
*A. Animalia
*B. Plantae
*C. Fungi
*D. Protista.
15. True of False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are
heterotrophic. True
16. Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by
converting energy into
energy. Light (sunlight); chemical (sugars)
17.A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of
following also contain chitin? Select all that apply.
*A. Mushrooms
B. Bacteria
*C. Yeast
*D. Molds. *all contain chitin.
, 18.True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form
tissue layers.
True.
19.Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):
*A. Plants
*B. Fungi
*C. Bacteria
D. Mammalian cells
*E. Algae.
20.The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):
*B. Protein synthesis. Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the
ER of eukaryotic cells.
1.True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism. False. Viruses are not living and
as such are not considered microorganisms. Viruses can, however, be classified as
microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses.
2.What is the smallest biological unit of life? A cell.
3. At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what? Macromolecules*
*A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides but they
must answer with all four to be fully correct.
4.How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins?
20
5.Define an essential amino acid. An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the
human body and as such must be take in from the environment through alternative sources
(i.e) food.
6.What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? There are two major
types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic
acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a
vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics
of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA
and using it to synthesize proteins.
7. Complete the following DNA strand and indicate how many bonds are
formed for each complementary pair:
3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CC AGC 3’
3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CCAGTAGC 3’
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.
8. The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
*A. Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell
,B. Is often a triple layer comprised of lipids
*C. Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing outward.
9.How many carbon atoms are present in the monosaccharide glucose? 6 The
molecular formula of Glucose is C6H12O6
10. True of False: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. False. Eukaryotic cells
do have a nucleus (prokaryotic cells do not).
11. True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Archaea. True
12. Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies. Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus
(rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
13. True or False: Archaea, a eukaryotic class of microorganisms, are capable of
surviving harsh environments. False. Archaea are prokaryotic bacteria capable of
surviving harsh environments
14.Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that
apply.
*A. Animalia
*B. Plantae
*C. Fungi
*D. Protista.
15. True of False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are
heterotrophic. True
16. Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by
converting energy into
energy. Light (sunlight); chemical (sugars)
17.A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of
following also contain chitin? Select all that apply.
*A. Mushrooms
B. Bacteria
*C. Yeast
*D. Molds. *all contain chitin.
, 18.True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form
tissue layers.
True.
19.Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):
*A. Plants
*B. Fungi
*C. Bacteria
D. Mammalian cells
*E. Algae.
20.The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):
*B. Protein synthesis. Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the
ER of eukaryotic cells.
