MDC II - Final Exam - Rasmussen
*PT PAP HOT*
▪ Pituitary
▪ Thyroid
▪ Pancreas
▪ Adrenals
▪ Parathyroid
▪ Hypothalamus
▪ Ovaries
▪ Testes - Answer What are the glands of the endocrine system? (SATA Q?)
Grave's disease - Answer an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism
and is characterized by *goiter and/or exophthalmos*
*Treatments*
▪ Rx: methimazole, atenolol, and *iodine-131*
▪ radiation therapy
*Nursing Interventions*
▪ provide a calm environment
▪ keep patients room cool
▪ assess pain
▪ prepare patient for surgery
▪ post-operative care
▪ maintain a patent airway
-------- same as hypothyroidism ---------
▪ provide periods of rest
▪ continuous cardiac monitoring
▪ monitor vital signs
▪ daily weight
▪ monitor I&O
▪ monitor laboratory tests
▪ apply antiembolism stockings to prevent DVT
▪ provide skin care - Answer *HYPERthyroidism aka Grave's disease*
▪ Treatments
pituitary gland - Answer _________ is considered to be the "master gland" as it
secretes hormones that control other parts of the endocrine system.
▪ ACTH
,▪ TSH
▪ are the most life threatening because they cause a decrease in the secretion of vital
hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands. - Answer *Anterior HYPOpituitarism*
▪ Deficiencies of which two hormones are the most life threatening?
Bloodwork (*all are DECREASED*)
▪ T3
▪ T4
▪ Prolactin
▪ Testosterone
▪ Estradiol
Scans (you'll always draw blood work first for diagnostics though)
▪ CT/MRI - detect bone or soft tissue lesions
▪ Skull X-ray - detect enlargement, erosions, and calcification of the sella turcica -
Answer *Anterior HYPOpituitarism*
▪ Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests
TRUE! We have very small amounts of testosterone or estradiol no matter if we are
men or women. - Answer T/F: do both men and women have testosterone and
estradiol?
*INCREASED:*
▪ Prolactin - this might be the answer to the Q
▪ Cortisol
▪ TSH
▪ LH (men)
▪ FSH (men)
▪ Glucose
*DECREASED:*
▪ Gonadotropin - Answer *Anterior HYPERpituitarism*
(SATA Q?)
▪ Laboratory Tests
▪ Prevent infection because they are immunosuppressed
▪ handwashing - Answer HYPERcortisolism (aka Cushing's Disease)
*Priority Intervention*
, diabetes insipidus - Answer ▪ *Deficiency of ADH* resulting in large volumes of dilute
urine
▪ A disorder of the posterior pituitary gland
*They are losing a lot of water:*
• polyuria
• polydipsia
• dehydration
• fluid/electrolyte imbalance
• dilute, low urine specific gravity (<1.005)
• high plasma osmolarity
• output does not decrease when fluid intake decreases
*remember! your s/s are going to look like dehydration*
• tachycardia
• hypotension
• poor turgor
• dry mucous membranes
• decreased cognition
• ataxia
• irritability - Answer *Posterior Pituitary Gland: Diabetes Insipidus:*
▪ What will the patient present with?/Key Symptoms
▪ desmopressin acetate (a synthetic form of *vasopressin*)
▪ can be PO, SL, or intranasal - Answer *Posterior Pituitary Gland: Diabetes Insipidus:*
▪ Drug Therapy
Addison's disease - Answer What is adrenal gland hypofunction?
▪ If the patient remains alert and oriented x 3 - Answer *Addison's Disease*
▪ How do you know the therapy is working?
▪ Glucocorticoid drugs *MUST be withdrawn slowly so you don't wind up with Addison's
or adrenal insufficiency*
▪ This allows for pituitary protection of ACTH and activation of the adrenal cortex to
produce cortisol - Answer *Addison's Disease*
▪ How do you discontinue glucocorticoid therapy to avoid secondary adrenal
insufficiency?
*▪ Muscle weakness*
*PT PAP HOT*
▪ Pituitary
▪ Thyroid
▪ Pancreas
▪ Adrenals
▪ Parathyroid
▪ Hypothalamus
▪ Ovaries
▪ Testes - Answer What are the glands of the endocrine system? (SATA Q?)
Grave's disease - Answer an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism
and is characterized by *goiter and/or exophthalmos*
*Treatments*
▪ Rx: methimazole, atenolol, and *iodine-131*
▪ radiation therapy
*Nursing Interventions*
▪ provide a calm environment
▪ keep patients room cool
▪ assess pain
▪ prepare patient for surgery
▪ post-operative care
▪ maintain a patent airway
-------- same as hypothyroidism ---------
▪ provide periods of rest
▪ continuous cardiac monitoring
▪ monitor vital signs
▪ daily weight
▪ monitor I&O
▪ monitor laboratory tests
▪ apply antiembolism stockings to prevent DVT
▪ provide skin care - Answer *HYPERthyroidism aka Grave's disease*
▪ Treatments
pituitary gland - Answer _________ is considered to be the "master gland" as it
secretes hormones that control other parts of the endocrine system.
▪ ACTH
,▪ TSH
▪ are the most life threatening because they cause a decrease in the secretion of vital
hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands. - Answer *Anterior HYPOpituitarism*
▪ Deficiencies of which two hormones are the most life threatening?
Bloodwork (*all are DECREASED*)
▪ T3
▪ T4
▪ Prolactin
▪ Testosterone
▪ Estradiol
Scans (you'll always draw blood work first for diagnostics though)
▪ CT/MRI - detect bone or soft tissue lesions
▪ Skull X-ray - detect enlargement, erosions, and calcification of the sella turcica -
Answer *Anterior HYPOpituitarism*
▪ Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests
TRUE! We have very small amounts of testosterone or estradiol no matter if we are
men or women. - Answer T/F: do both men and women have testosterone and
estradiol?
*INCREASED:*
▪ Prolactin - this might be the answer to the Q
▪ Cortisol
▪ TSH
▪ LH (men)
▪ FSH (men)
▪ Glucose
*DECREASED:*
▪ Gonadotropin - Answer *Anterior HYPERpituitarism*
(SATA Q?)
▪ Laboratory Tests
▪ Prevent infection because they are immunosuppressed
▪ handwashing - Answer HYPERcortisolism (aka Cushing's Disease)
*Priority Intervention*
, diabetes insipidus - Answer ▪ *Deficiency of ADH* resulting in large volumes of dilute
urine
▪ A disorder of the posterior pituitary gland
*They are losing a lot of water:*
• polyuria
• polydipsia
• dehydration
• fluid/electrolyte imbalance
• dilute, low urine specific gravity (<1.005)
• high plasma osmolarity
• output does not decrease when fluid intake decreases
*remember! your s/s are going to look like dehydration*
• tachycardia
• hypotension
• poor turgor
• dry mucous membranes
• decreased cognition
• ataxia
• irritability - Answer *Posterior Pituitary Gland: Diabetes Insipidus:*
▪ What will the patient present with?/Key Symptoms
▪ desmopressin acetate (a synthetic form of *vasopressin*)
▪ can be PO, SL, or intranasal - Answer *Posterior Pituitary Gland: Diabetes Insipidus:*
▪ Drug Therapy
Addison's disease - Answer What is adrenal gland hypofunction?
▪ If the patient remains alert and oriented x 3 - Answer *Addison's Disease*
▪ How do you know the therapy is working?
▪ Glucocorticoid drugs *MUST be withdrawn slowly so you don't wind up with Addison's
or adrenal insufficiency*
▪ This allows for pituitary protection of ACTH and activation of the adrenal cortex to
produce cortisol - Answer *Addison's Disease*
▪ How do you discontinue glucocorticoid therapy to avoid secondary adrenal
insufficiency?
*▪ Muscle weakness*
