THE BASIS OF PLANTS CULTIVATION
Agriculture commodities are determined by:
- Climate
- Field condition
- Land suitability
- Market
1. Climate
- Climate refers to the state of the atmosphere over a specific time period.
- Climate elements include solar radiation, rainfall, temperature, humidity, and
wind.
- Climate varies from location to location.
1.1. Solar Radiation
- Long exposures are relatively 12 hours per day
- Average intensity of 300-500 cal/cm2/day
- Solar radiation quality: wave length 320-700 nm
- Solar radiation had little influence on commodity selection in crop
cultivation.
1.2. Rainfall
- Rainfall – influence commodity selection.
- Rain patterns: moonson, equatorial, opposite moonson
1.3. Temperature
- The effect of altitude
- Any height of a place up 100 m, temperature will drop 1 0C
- Altitude:
Low land: 0-400 m asl, flat topography, temperature ≥27-330C, solar
radiation +++, agriculture commodities (rice, corn, legumes, onion etc)
Medium land: 400-700 m asl, hilly topography <10%, temperature ≥22-
270C, solar radiation +++, the agriculture commodities (rice, corn,
legumes etc)
High land: >700 m asl, hillu topography 20%, vertille (andisol),
temperature ≤200C, high rainfall, solar radiation +, the agriculture
commodities: tea, coffee arabica, apple etc.
2. Field Condition
Wet land: always saturated water at some point during the year
Dry land: land that is never standing or flooded for the majority of the year
or all of the time.
a. Low land/Swamp
- Land is always filled with water
- Land is generally flat
- Technical irrigation - rice
- Non technical irrigation – swamp
b. Dry land
- Land is not filled with water
- Irrigation depends on rainfall
- Flattened topography - hilly
- Typically used for plantation crops or horticultural crops.
Agriculture commodities are determined by:
- Climate
- Field condition
- Land suitability
- Market
1. Climate
- Climate refers to the state of the atmosphere over a specific time period.
- Climate elements include solar radiation, rainfall, temperature, humidity, and
wind.
- Climate varies from location to location.
1.1. Solar Radiation
- Long exposures are relatively 12 hours per day
- Average intensity of 300-500 cal/cm2/day
- Solar radiation quality: wave length 320-700 nm
- Solar radiation had little influence on commodity selection in crop
cultivation.
1.2. Rainfall
- Rainfall – influence commodity selection.
- Rain patterns: moonson, equatorial, opposite moonson
1.3. Temperature
- The effect of altitude
- Any height of a place up 100 m, temperature will drop 1 0C
- Altitude:
Low land: 0-400 m asl, flat topography, temperature ≥27-330C, solar
radiation +++, agriculture commodities (rice, corn, legumes, onion etc)
Medium land: 400-700 m asl, hilly topography <10%, temperature ≥22-
270C, solar radiation +++, the agriculture commodities (rice, corn,
legumes etc)
High land: >700 m asl, hillu topography 20%, vertille (andisol),
temperature ≤200C, high rainfall, solar radiation +, the agriculture
commodities: tea, coffee arabica, apple etc.
2. Field Condition
Wet land: always saturated water at some point during the year
Dry land: land that is never standing or flooded for the majority of the year
or all of the time.
a. Low land/Swamp
- Land is always filled with water
- Land is generally flat
- Technical irrigation - rice
- Non technical irrigation – swamp
b. Dry land
- Land is not filled with water
- Irrigation depends on rainfall
- Flattened topography - hilly
- Typically used for plantation crops or horticultural crops.
