WGU C100 Humanities FINAL Study Guide

WGU C100 Humanities FINAL Study Guide Classical Period Acronym (BRTH PRD) Correct Answer: BRTH- Balance, Reason, Truth, Humanism PRD- Polytheism, Republic, Democracy Renaissance Period Acronym (RUSH RoCS - Michealangelos Rock sculpture) Correct Answer: RUSH- Reformation, University System, Scientific Expansion, Humanism RoCS- Rebirth of Classicism & Self fashioning Neoclassical & Enlightenment Period Acronym (CORDES- classical cords) Correct Answer: CORDES- Classicism, Order, Rationalism, Deism, Empiricism, Skepticism Romantic Period Acronym (INNER HP- Inner romantic hero & passion) Correct Answer: INNER- Individiualism, Nationalism, Nature, Exoticism, Revolution HP- Heroism, Passion Realism Period Acronym (I ID AoD - I Identify Age of Doubt) Correct Answer: I- Industrialization ID- Individualism, Darwinism AoD- Age of Doubt Classical Period Correct Answer: artists and philosophers were concerned with harmony and balance* in their works Classical Philosophers Correct Answer: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle engaged in pursuit of truth through logic and reason. Classical Period Correct Answer: democracy and republic governments formed Classical religion Correct Answer: mainly polytheistic Classical theme Correct Answer: humanism—simply a focus on humans. Socratic Method Correct Answer: where questions and ideas were shared to solve problems in an open discussion. Classical Period. Greek Epic Poetry Correct Answer: Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey. Which use exalted language and celebrate the cultural values of the heroic age. Classical Period. Greek Lyrical Poetry Correct Answer: poetry that explored everyday objects using more intimate language. Followed Epic Poetry. Classical Period Roman poetry Correct Answer: poetry that follows much of the form and content of Greek poetry while exalting the Roman Empire. The Greek poet Sappho explored human emotions, such as love and desire, in her poem "A Lament for Adonis." Classical Period. Classical Period Theater Correct Answer: theater structure that laid the foundations for theater as we know it today. It addressed period themes such as humanism, truth, balance, and the essence of life. It included such literary devices as foreshadowing, tragic irony, reversal of fortune, double entendre, discovery, and use of a chorus. Sophocles and Aristophanes Correct Answer: 2 notable playwrights (theater writers) in Classical Period. Classical Period Art & Architecture Correct Answer: Ancient Greek art and architecture served to promote religion, present beauty, and glorify Athenian society. Ancient Roman art and architecture focused on themes of power, military victory, and heroism. contrapposto Correct Answer: a life-like stance in which the figure's weight rests on one leg. The resulting dip of a shoulder balances the rise of a hip to create a dynamic pose. Classic Period. Classic Period Architecture Correct Answer: focused on balance and symmetry. Greek temples featured columns, topped with a capital*, which supported the entablature*, a decorative area that featured painted or carved friezes*. The triangular shaped roof ends contained more sculptures called pediments*. Perhaps the most notable Ancient Greek structure is the Parthenon, which features Doric order columns. The Parthenon once housed a large statue of Athena covered in gold. Capital Correct Answer: Top part of the column between the Column and the Entablature. Classic Period. Entablature Correct Answer: Horizontal layers of the building that are supported by columns or walls. Classic Period. Friezes Correct Answer: Broad horizontal band that is sculpted or that is painted. Usually on the wall or near the ceiling. Classic period. Pediment Correct Answer: The triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style. Classic period. Classical Period Music Correct Answer: typically consisted of simple four note successions played as a perfect fourth, drawing similarities to the Middle Eastern tradition of music. The played a variety of instruments, including the lyre, a stringed instrument similar to a harp. Lyre Correct Answer: a stringed instrument similar to a harp. Classic Period. The incubator of western civilization Correct Answer: Greece and Rome's proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. It facilitated cultural exchange among the ancient civilizations in southern Europe, western Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Classic Period. Kouros. Correct Answer: The Greeks borrowed the proportions of the three-dimensional sculptures of the ancient Egyptians in developing the life-like male, human figure. Classic Period. Classical Period Correct Answer: The Greeks borrowed the alphabet of the Phoenicians and imitated Egyptian mythological creatures and artistic motifs in their artwork. Silk Road Correct Answer: provided access to Asia and brought the valuable Chinese good of silk to the Romans. In return, the Romans sent their glass to the east. It also opened the door for Eastern religions—such as Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Daoism—to spread to Europe. Christianity also spread quickly along the same trade route. Classical Period. Classical Period influences Correct Answer: They can be seen in the United States today in the political system because of democracy and republic, in architecture through Lincolns estate, and in the arts as in "O Brother Where Art Thou" & retelling of "The Odyssey". Renaissance Period Correct Answer: French for "rebirth," was characterized by a revival of classical art, literature, philosophy, architecture, and an emphasis on humanism. Renaissance Period Correct Answer: This cultural flourish overlapped the Age of Discovery and advancements in science, thus making science a legitimate source of knowledge. Renaissance Period Correct Answer: Urbanization Correct Answer: Cities accumulated wealth and channeled some of this newfound wealth into funding the arts. Artists applied scientific principles to solve problems of perspective and devised new techniques for representing light and shade. Renaissance Period. Renaissance Period Correct Answer: Rebirth of Classicism: there was a rebirth of classical ideals, mainly humanism, rationalism, and balance, based on the belief that classical literary, scientific, and philosophical works provided additional resources for learning and living. Rationalism & Scientific Expansion Correct Answer: Many people in the Renaissance embodied a strong interest in rationalism and scientific inquiry, leading to deeper understanding of the world and technological developments in such areas as medicine, transportation, and warfare. Expansion of the University System Correct Answer: The Renaissance approach to education produced the ideal of the well-rounded individual who was not bound to any one discipline. As the university system spread across Europe, it represented a significant change in epistemology. epistemology Correct Answer: The study of thinking. Renaissance Period. Individualism & Self-fashioning Correct Answer: This became important during the Renaissance as artists sought public recognition and reputation. Artists and nobles represented their identity with choices in dress and behavior, a process known as self-fashioning. Reformation Correct Answer: Took place in the form of Protestantism, sparked by Martin Luther's outspoken disagreement with many Church practices he believed were corrupt. Changing the Roman Catholic Church was a very significant movement in the Renaissance that separated it from the Middle Ages. Renaissance Period Correct Answer: Witnessed the revival of classical art, literature, philosophy, architecture, and learning, spawned renewed study of the great works of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations, and produced among the finest artistic and intellectual achievements in the history of Western Humanities. Renaissance Man Correct Answer: Individual with broad knowledge and versatile talents spanning many intellectual and artistic disciplines. Renaissance Period. Renaissance Period Correct Answer: One of the most significant ideas to emerge from this period is the value of education, particularly in the Humanities. The catalyst for the classical revival was the belief that one could realize his or her full humanity only through classical education. This rebirth reasserted the superiority of ancient Greco-Roman creative and intellectual contributions Age of Exploration Correct Answer: Europeans sailed around the globe and transferred foods, plants, goods and slaves. Renaissance Period. Heresy Correct Answer: a challenge or rejection of the orthodox doctrines of the religion or church. Renaissance Period. The Protestant Reformation Correct Answer: This challenged the doctrine of papal infallibility and rejected the Catholic Church as a necessary intermediary between the faithful and God. However, disagreements among Protestants caused multiple sects to form. Renaissance Period. Renaissance Humanism Correct Answer: emphasized not only scholarly achievement but also moral and athletic development. encouraged the individual to engage with the world ("The whole glory of man lies in activity"). rejected much of medieval thinking as irrelevant to a changing world. general responsibilities of citizenship and respect for public duty. Niccolò Machiavelli Correct Answer: The Prince: defended the principle that "the ends justify the means" . It is one of the best-known political treatises. His treatise advanced the abandonment of conventional morality for the sake of power and authority. The Prince is considered to represent the darker side of the Renaissance's belief in human possibility and potential. Renaissance Literature Correct Answer: authors found themselves combining Christian and classical learning into Christian humanism in order to reconcile the many conflicts between the two. Baldassare Castiglione Correct Answer: The Courtier explores the process of fashioning one's individual sense of self according to a set of socially acceptable standards. Renaissance Literature. William Shakespeare - author Correct Answer: most famous writer in English by writing plays and poems that examine such human emotions as loyalty, ambition, love, hate, greed, and self-sacrifice. Renaissance Literature. Renaissance Theater Correct Answer: People of the arts allowed troupes to settle into a city, build a playhouse, and take up theater as a profession. As a result, works became longer, more complex, and critically discussed period themes. soliloquy Correct Answer: speech expressing your inner most thoughts. Heard by the audience but not by any other characters. Renaissance allegory Correct Answer: represents abstract quality or idea, often religious or political. Renaissance dialect Correct Answer: language of a certain group or people. Rensaissance blank verse Correct Answer: verse written in iambic pentameter with no rhyme. Renaissance prose Correct Answer: language that flows naturally rather than to a beat. Renaissance. William Shakespeare - theater Correct Answer: credited with writing 38 plays and 154 sonnets. The inevitability of fate and the power of miscommunication are particularly common themes in his plays. Because women were forbidden to act during his time, the female roles in his plays were performed by young men. The first 126 sonnets are addressed to an unnamed young man, while the rest of the sonnets are addressed to a mysterious "dark lady." Renaissance Theater Christopher Marlowe Correct Answer: Doctor Faustus : the play whose treatment of religion directly references the Protestant Reformation and the eternal struggle between good and evil. He wrote the historical tragedy . Renaissance Theater. Renaissance Art & Architecture Correct Answer: architecture departed from medieval traditions and reflected the merging of art and science. Renaissance Art Correct Answer: widespread use of oil painting as a medium and the development of mathematical or linear perspective in painting. Renaissance Artchitecture Correct Answer: architecture featured the revival of the dome and the fashioning of secular structures, including palaces, residences, theaters, and libraries. Renaissance Artists Correct Answer: Leonardo da Vinci (Mona Lisa, Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper), Michelangelo (statue of David, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel), and Dürer (realistic paintings). Leonardo da Vinci Correct Answer: Mona Lisa, Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper. Renaissance Art. Michelangelo Correct Answer: Statue of David, The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Renaissance Art. Durer Correct Answer: realistic Paintings. Renaissance Art. Renaissance Music Correct Answer: music was more secular than the music of the Middle Ages, and it was characterized by the classical principles of simplicity, balance, order, and clarity, as well as by the use of imitation. Madrigal Correct Answer: a polyphonic vocal work that set a pastoral poem to music. It used a technique called "word painting," in which notes would ascend or descend depending on the literal textual meaning. No instruments were used. Renaissance Music. Renaissance Cultural Exchange Correct Answer: The expansion of trade routes on land and sea allowed spices, precious gems, and fine silk to arrive from Asia.