,
, Anatomy- the study of body structure
Cells Physiology- the study of processes or functions of living
systems
Structural Level of organization within Cell Types
the body - blood cells + - muscle cells
1. Atoms immune - neurons
- surface skin cells - adipose / storage cells
2. Molecule (DNA) - bone cell - epithelial and
3. Smooth muscle cell - reproductive secretory cells
4. Smooth muscle tissue Tissue Types
5. Organ - Nervous - Muscle Tissue
6. System Tissue - Connective
- Epithlial Tissue
7. Organism Tissue
Cells basically comprise of 3 distinct Other Cell Organelles
structures: - Ribosomes
The function of a cell is
1. Nucleus - generates the messages - Smooth ER
defined by the proteins
that determine the cells structure and - Nucleolus
it carries
function - Nuclear Membrane
2. Cytoplasm - where these messages - Rough ER
are converted into proteins - Vacuole
3. Cell Membrane - the boundary of the - Lysosome Proteins
cell that helps the cell carry out its - Centrosome Covers all physical characteristics
- Mitochondrion such as hair/eye/skin color, but
functions
- Golgi Body also allows for normal
functioning of vital systems such
DNA > mRNA > Proteins > Functions as the nervous system, immune
system, blood system etc.
Over 20,000
DNA condensed into Base Pair proteins needed
DNA chromosomes within the A T to make the
Every cell in an organism contains the nucleus- have 46 ( 2x23)
C G human body
chromosomes in most function properly
same DNA. human cells
Sections of DNA code for “genes” which
are translated into proteins. RNA
4 Bases:
Cell type and function is characterized Phosphate Adenine Bases: adenine,
by the specific set of genes and thus Guanine
guanine, cytosine
proteins it expresses. Thymine
Cells use DNA map to determine gene
Cytosine and uracil
Base
expression
Mistakes / changes in DNA leads to mRNA & Transcription
altered proteins resulting in disease ie The two DNA strands in a gene that codes for
a protein unzip from each other.
cancer, cystic fibrosis Deoxyribose Sugar
A single strand of mRNA is then made by
pairing up mRNA bases with the exposed
nucleotides
This base pairing is guided by specialized
proteins
, Anatomy- the study of body structure
Cells Physiology- the study of processes or functions of living
systems
Structural Level of organization within Cell Types
the body - blood cells + - muscle cells
1. Atoms immune - neurons
- surface skin cells - adipose / storage cells
2. Molecule (DNA) - bone cell - epithelial and
3. Smooth muscle cell - reproductive secretory cells
4. Smooth muscle tissue Tissue Types
5. Organ - Nervous - Muscle Tissue
6. System Tissue - Connective
- Epithlial Tissue
7. Organism Tissue
Cells basically comprise of 3 distinct Other Cell Organelles
structures: - Ribosomes
The function of a cell is
1. Nucleus - generates the messages - Smooth ER
defined by the proteins
that determine the cells structure and - Nucleolus
it carries
function - Nuclear Membrane
2. Cytoplasm - where these messages - Rough ER
are converted into proteins - Vacuole
3. Cell Membrane - the boundary of the - Lysosome Proteins
cell that helps the cell carry out its - Centrosome Covers all physical characteristics
- Mitochondrion such as hair/eye/skin color, but
functions
- Golgi Body also allows for normal
functioning of vital systems such
DNA > mRNA > Proteins > Functions as the nervous system, immune
system, blood system etc.
Over 20,000
DNA condensed into Base Pair proteins needed
DNA chromosomes within the A T to make the
Every cell in an organism contains the nucleus- have 46 ( 2x23)
C G human body
chromosomes in most function properly
same DNA. human cells
Sections of DNA code for “genes” which
are translated into proteins. RNA
4 Bases:
Cell type and function is characterized Phosphate Adenine Bases: adenine,
by the specific set of genes and thus Guanine
guanine, cytosine
proteins it expresses. Thymine
Cells use DNA map to determine gene
Cytosine and uracil
Base
expression
Mistakes / changes in DNA leads to mRNA & Transcription
altered proteins resulting in disease ie The two DNA strands in a gene that codes for
a protein unzip from each other.
cancer, cystic fibrosis Deoxyribose Sugar
A single strand of mRNA is then made by
pairing up mRNA bases with the exposed
nucleotides
This base pairing is guided by specialized
proteins
