Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam
The Primary role of Fungi - ANSWERDecomposers- they break things down
Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - ANSWERHeterotrophs with extracellular digestion
Exoenzymes - ANSWERFungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell wall. Break down complex
molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed.
Extracellular Digestion - ANSWERThe release of exoenzymes out side of the cell wall, followed by the
absorption of nutrients..
Saprobes - ANSWERFungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms
Symbionts - ANSWERFungus that lives with another living organism (form a symbiotic relationship)
Mutualism in Fungi - ANSWERboth organisms benefit, neither is harmed.
Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)
Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots
Commensalism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is unharmed
Parasitism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is harmed
,Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - ANSWEREx: Fungus as a human parasite (Athelete's Foot)
Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite
1. black stem rust on wheat
2. ergots on rye
3. strawberries with botrytis mold
4. pink ear rot of corn
Black Stem Rust - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant. Occurs on wheat
Ergots - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs on rye and gives
hallucinogenic sensations
Botrytis Mold - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plants that occurs on strawberries
Fungi Characteristics - ANSWER1. Heterotrophic
2. Extracellular Digestion
3. Chitin-Based Cell wall
4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae
Hyphae - ANSWERfilaments (long and branching) that make up the structure of a fungus
In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth
Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic
Yeast - ANSWERYeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae
MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR
, Septate - ANSWERYou can see the cell separation because the nuclei are confined in and separated by
cell walls
Think "separate"
Coenocytic - ANSWERYou cant see the cell separation. It is multinucleated meaning that there are
multiple nuclei not separated by a cell wall
Thallus/Mycelium - ANSWERcollectively refers to a bunch of hyphae that together make up the body of
the fungus
Hyphae (smallest unit) make up the mycelium (entire fungus body)
Haustoria - ANSWERThe hyphal tip of a parasitic fungus that penetrates the cell of other organisms (the
host)
After penetration these specialized hyphae release enzymes that break down the cell wall, thus allowing
greater potential movement of organic carbon from host to fungus.
What is Fungi Most closely related to? - ANSWERFungi have cell walls and fruiting bodies, so were
originally thought to be plants. However, they are most closely related to animals
Fungi Nuclei - ANSWERMost fungi cells have 2 nuclei
Mitosis - ANSWERHas NO prerequisite for cell division, all it needs is a nucleus. What you start with is
what you end with (identical nuclei and identical DNA)
Meiosis - ANSWERCell must be a diploid (2n) Process of nuclear division which the ploidy of the parent
cell is halved
3 Types of Meiosis - ANSWERZygotic - Phylum Zygomycota
Gametic - Usually in animals
Sporic - Usually in plants
The Primary role of Fungi - ANSWERDecomposers- they break things down
Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - ANSWERHeterotrophs with extracellular digestion
Exoenzymes - ANSWERFungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell wall. Break down complex
molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed.
Extracellular Digestion - ANSWERThe release of exoenzymes out side of the cell wall, followed by the
absorption of nutrients..
Saprobes - ANSWERFungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms
Symbionts - ANSWERFungus that lives with another living organism (form a symbiotic relationship)
Mutualism in Fungi - ANSWERboth organisms benefit, neither is harmed.
Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)
Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots
Commensalism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is unharmed
Parasitism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is harmed
,Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - ANSWEREx: Fungus as a human parasite (Athelete's Foot)
Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite
1. black stem rust on wheat
2. ergots on rye
3. strawberries with botrytis mold
4. pink ear rot of corn
Black Stem Rust - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant. Occurs on wheat
Ergots - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs on rye and gives
hallucinogenic sensations
Botrytis Mold - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plants that occurs on strawberries
Fungi Characteristics - ANSWER1. Heterotrophic
2. Extracellular Digestion
3. Chitin-Based Cell wall
4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae
Hyphae - ANSWERfilaments (long and branching) that make up the structure of a fungus
In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth
Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic
Yeast - ANSWERYeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae
MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR
, Septate - ANSWERYou can see the cell separation because the nuclei are confined in and separated by
cell walls
Think "separate"
Coenocytic - ANSWERYou cant see the cell separation. It is multinucleated meaning that there are
multiple nuclei not separated by a cell wall
Thallus/Mycelium - ANSWERcollectively refers to a bunch of hyphae that together make up the body of
the fungus
Hyphae (smallest unit) make up the mycelium (entire fungus body)
Haustoria - ANSWERThe hyphal tip of a parasitic fungus that penetrates the cell of other organisms (the
host)
After penetration these specialized hyphae release enzymes that break down the cell wall, thus allowing
greater potential movement of organic carbon from host to fungus.
What is Fungi Most closely related to? - ANSWERFungi have cell walls and fruiting bodies, so were
originally thought to be plants. However, they are most closely related to animals
Fungi Nuclei - ANSWERMost fungi cells have 2 nuclei
Mitosis - ANSWERHas NO prerequisite for cell division, all it needs is a nucleus. What you start with is
what you end with (identical nuclei and identical DNA)
Meiosis - ANSWERCell must be a diploid (2n) Process of nuclear division which the ploidy of the parent
cell is halved
3 Types of Meiosis - ANSWERZygotic - Phylum Zygomycota
Gametic - Usually in animals
Sporic - Usually in plants
