Portage Pathophysiology Module 4
Review
What is the function of blood? - Answer Transport materials to and from the body's cells.
What are the three stages of hemostasis? - Answer Vascular constriction, platelet plug
formation, blood coagulation
What is vitamin K needed to synthesize? - Answer Factors II, VII, IX, and X,
prothrombin, and protein C
Discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. - Answer The intrinsic and extrinsic
pathways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with activation
of factor XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the slower process.
The extrinsic pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins with the release of
tissue thromboplastin from the subendothelial cells. Both pathways converge to activate
factor X, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen
to fibrin, the material needed to stabilize a clot. Both methods are needed for successful
hemostasis.
What are the natural and drug therapy anticoagulants? - Answer Antithrombin III,
protein C, protein S, warfarin, heparin, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
What is peripheral vascular resistance? - Answer The collective resistance of all the
vessels in the peripheral circulation
Hemodynamics or blood flow is affected by what factors? - Answer Pressure,
resistance, flow, radius, blood viscosity, compliance, wall tension
What is cardiac output? - Answer stroke volume x heart rate
What is preload? - Answer end-diastolic pressure when the ventricle has been filled and
represents the volume work of the heart.
What is afterload? - Answer Afterload is the pressure the heart must generate to move
blood into the aorta.
What is cardiac contractility? - Answer ability of the heart to change its force of
contraction without changing its resting (diastolic) length.
What is an inotrope? - Answer An inotropic influence is one that increases the strength
of the muscular contraction.
Review
What is the function of blood? - Answer Transport materials to and from the body's cells.
What are the three stages of hemostasis? - Answer Vascular constriction, platelet plug
formation, blood coagulation
What is vitamin K needed to synthesize? - Answer Factors II, VII, IX, and X,
prothrombin, and protein C
Discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. - Answer The intrinsic and extrinsic
pathways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with activation
of factor XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the slower process.
The extrinsic pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins with the release of
tissue thromboplastin from the subendothelial cells. Both pathways converge to activate
factor X, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen
to fibrin, the material needed to stabilize a clot. Both methods are needed for successful
hemostasis.
What are the natural and drug therapy anticoagulants? - Answer Antithrombin III,
protein C, protein S, warfarin, heparin, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
What is peripheral vascular resistance? - Answer The collective resistance of all the
vessels in the peripheral circulation
Hemodynamics or blood flow is affected by what factors? - Answer Pressure,
resistance, flow, radius, blood viscosity, compliance, wall tension
What is cardiac output? - Answer stroke volume x heart rate
What is preload? - Answer end-diastolic pressure when the ventricle has been filled and
represents the volume work of the heart.
What is afterload? - Answer Afterload is the pressure the heart must generate to move
blood into the aorta.
What is cardiac contractility? - Answer ability of the heart to change its force of
contraction without changing its resting (diastolic) length.
What is an inotrope? - Answer An inotropic influence is one that increases the strength
of the muscular contraction.
