PCCN EXAM BOARD REVIEW
(DETAILED Q&A 2022/2023)
What is the function of the cardiovascular system
(correct answer) to drive O2 to the cell so that the cell can make ATP for energy production
What is the formula for CARDIAC OUTPUT
(correct answer) Stroke volume x Heart Rate
CO = HR X SV ( Preload + Afterload + Contractility)
What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each MINUTE?
(correct answer) Cardiac Output ( approximately 4 - 8 LPM )
What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each BEAT?
(correct answer) Stroke Volume
What is the term for the number of contractions / minute?
(correct answer) Heart Rate
,What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle per minute adjusted for body size
(correct answer) Cardiac Index
What is a normal cardiac index?
(correct answer) Normal = 2.5 to 4.4 L/min/m2
**Always utilize CI values on exam (especially for bigger patients)
What is a normal amount (mL/beat) for stroke volume?
(correct answer) 60 to 100 mL
What is the term for the end-diastolic volume stretching the ventricle? (correct answer) Preload
( increased fluid = increased stroke volume )
What is the term for the pressure that the ventricle must OVERCOME in order to eject blood into the
circulatory system? (correct answer) Afterload
What is the term for the inotropic state the cardiac muscle (correct answer) Contractility
(how well the heart is contracted)
, Preload is the function of which part of the circulatory system? (correct answer) VEINS
FUNCTION OF VEINS = PRELOAD
What is the RIGHT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? (correct answer) CVP (Central venous pressure)
(Normal is approx. 2 - 8 mmhg)
What is a normal central venous pressure ? (correct answer) Approximately 2 - 8 mmhg
What is the LEFT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? (correct answer) PAOP (Pulmonary artery occlusion
pressure) / PAW pulmonary artery wedge pressure
-Swans ganns in placed wedge pressure (PA)
What are the signs and symptoms of an altered preload? (correct answer) 1. Dehydration (decreased
preload)
2. Fluid overload (increased preload)
What are some causes of a low preload? (correct answer) 1. Hemorrhage
(DETAILED Q&A 2022/2023)
What is the function of the cardiovascular system
(correct answer) to drive O2 to the cell so that the cell can make ATP for energy production
What is the formula for CARDIAC OUTPUT
(correct answer) Stroke volume x Heart Rate
CO = HR X SV ( Preload + Afterload + Contractility)
What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each MINUTE?
(correct answer) Cardiac Output ( approximately 4 - 8 LPM )
What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each BEAT?
(correct answer) Stroke Volume
What is the term for the number of contractions / minute?
(correct answer) Heart Rate
,What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle per minute adjusted for body size
(correct answer) Cardiac Index
What is a normal cardiac index?
(correct answer) Normal = 2.5 to 4.4 L/min/m2
**Always utilize CI values on exam (especially for bigger patients)
What is a normal amount (mL/beat) for stroke volume?
(correct answer) 60 to 100 mL
What is the term for the end-diastolic volume stretching the ventricle? (correct answer) Preload
( increased fluid = increased stroke volume )
What is the term for the pressure that the ventricle must OVERCOME in order to eject blood into the
circulatory system? (correct answer) Afterload
What is the term for the inotropic state the cardiac muscle (correct answer) Contractility
(how well the heart is contracted)
, Preload is the function of which part of the circulatory system? (correct answer) VEINS
FUNCTION OF VEINS = PRELOAD
What is the RIGHT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? (correct answer) CVP (Central venous pressure)
(Normal is approx. 2 - 8 mmhg)
What is a normal central venous pressure ? (correct answer) Approximately 2 - 8 mmhg
What is the LEFT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? (correct answer) PAOP (Pulmonary artery occlusion
pressure) / PAW pulmonary artery wedge pressure
-Swans ganns in placed wedge pressure (PA)
What are the signs and symptoms of an altered preload? (correct answer) 1. Dehydration (decreased
preload)
2. Fluid overload (increased preload)
What are some causes of a low preload? (correct answer) 1. Hemorrhage
