CLA 131 Exam 3 (Chapter 9-11)completed 2022

albuminuria when albumin appears in the urine alveol/o air sac, alveolus 00:03 01:01 bronch/o, bronch/i airway, bronchus hem/o, hemat/o blood laryng/o voice box, larynx lob/o a rounded part, lobe muc/o mucus nas/o nose ox/i oxygen pharyng/o throat, pharynx phragm/o, phragmat/o partition pleur/o pleura, rib pneum/o, pneumon/o air, lung pulmon/o lung rhin/o nose sept/o putrefying; wall, partition sinus/o cavity thorac/o chest, thorax trache/o windpipe, trachea respiration system brings oxygen into the bloodstream, through which it is transported to all body cells; also removes waste product, carbon dioxide, from the blood and channels it outside the body respiration the process of providing cells with oxygen lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea in the neck and chest, the bronchial tree, which branches extensively throughout the lungs, the tiny air sacs within the lungs known as alveoli, and the lungs themsevles upper respiratory tract when you inhale, air flows into the lungs after traveling through a series of chambers and tubes; includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx alveoli gas exchange occurs across the walls of the alveoli and adjacent capillaries respiratory disease may be caused by congenital conditions, infections, allergies, tumors, heart disease, or injury; reduce the amount of oxygen that is normally supplied to body cells and increase the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and other tissues pulmonologist pulmonary specialist ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, or otolaryngolist disease of the pharynx oncologist lung cancer is treated by an oncologist respiratory therapist received special training in the operation of equipment used to diagnose or treat breathing problems a-,an- without, absence of brady- slow dys- bad, abnormal, painful, difficult epi- upon, over, above, on top eu- normal, good hyper- excessive, abnormally high, above hypo- deficient, abnormally low, below tachy- rapid, fast bronch/o airway, bronchus hem/o blood orth/o straight -algia condition of pain -capnia condition of carbon dioxide -dynia condition of pain -emia condition of blood -oxia condition of oxygen -phonia condition of sound or voice -pnea breath -ptysis to cough up -rrhagia abnormal discharge -spasm sudden involuntary muscle contraction -staxis dripping anoxia absence of oxygen aphonia absence of voice apnea longer-than-normal pause between breaths sleep apnea one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths occur while sleeping bronchospasm a narrowing of the airway caused by the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the tiny tubes known as bronchioles within the lungs bradypnea abnormal slowing of the breathing rhythm Cheyne-Stokes respiration repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing and apnea; sign of brain dysfunction or congestive heart failure dysphonia symptom of hoarse voice dyspnea symptom of difficult breathing, usually caused by a respiratory disease or cardiac disorder eupnea a normal breathing rhythm epistaxis a nosebleed rhinorrhagia a nosebleed; abnormal discharge of nose hemoptysis a symptom of coughing up and spitting out blood hemothorax the pooling of blood within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs hypercapnia excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood hypocapina deficient carbon dioxide levels in the blood hyperpnea the sign of abnormally deep breathing or an abnormally high rate of breathing; common symptom of heart failure and respiratory disease hyperventilation the sign of abnormally rapid breathing; common among patients experiencing anxiety attacks hypopnea abnormally shallow breathing hypoventilation a reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body's gas exchange demands hypoxemia abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood hypoxia abnormally low levels of oxygen throughout the body laryngospasm the closure of the glottis, the opening into the larynx, due to muscular contractions of the throat orthopnea limited ability to breathe when lying down and becomes relieved when sitting upright paroxysm a sudden onset of symptomatic sharp pain or a convulsion sputum expectorated (coughed out from the lungs) matter; contains mucus, inhaled particulates, and sometimes pus or blood tachypnea rapid breathing thoracalgia; thoracodynia symptom of pain in the chest region a- without, absence of atel/o incomplete carcin/o cancer coccidioid/o coccidioides immitis (a fungus) coni/o dust cyst/o bladder, sac embol/o plug fibr/o fiber glott/o opening into the windpipe laryng/o voice box, larynx myc/o fungus py/o pus sphyx/o pulse sten/o narrow tonsill/o almond, tonsil tubercul/o little swelling asphyxia absence of respiratory ventilation, or suffocation asthma a condition of the lungs that is characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucous plugs asthmatic bronchitis asthma complicated with bronchitis atelectasis trauma or disease disables the protective mechanisms in the lungs, causing the alveoli to collapse, preventing air from entering collapsed lung when most or all of the alveoli in a lung collapse bronchiectasis chronic, abnormal dilation(widening) of the bronchi bronchitis inflammation of the bronchi bronchiolitis inflammation of the bronchioles bronchogenic carcinoma an aggressive form of cancer arising from cells within the bronchi; lung cancer; two types: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer bronchopneumoina; lobar pneumonia an acute inflammatory disease involving the bronchioles and the alveoli lobar pneumonia bronchopneumoina chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic bronchitis and emphysema; progressive disease that makes breathing difficult and is primarily caused by smoking tobacco products coccidioidmycosis; valley fever a fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which often spreads to the lungs and other organs valley fever coccidiomycosis; caused by inhaling spores of the fungal pathogen coryza; rhinitis the common cold is caused by a virus that infects the upper respiratory tract, resulting in local inflammation rhinitis coryza; inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity croup; laryngotracheobronchitis a viral infectious disease that is relatively common among infants and young children produces a characteristic hoarse cough with a sound resembling the bark of a dog; the cough results from a swelling of the larynx in response to a viral infection laryngotracheobronchitis croup cystic fibrosis (CF) a severe hereditary disease that is characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and elsewhere emphysema a chronic lung disease characterized by the symptoms of dyspnea, a chronic cough, formation of a barrel chest due to labored breathing, and a gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxemia; smoking is the leading cause epiglottitis inflammation of the epiglottis; usually caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the throat to the epiglottis laryngitis inflammation of the larynx; characterized by dysphonia legionellosis; Legionnaires' disease a form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila nasopharyngitis inflammation of the nose and pharynx; may be caused by an allergic reaction or bacterial or viral infection pertussis; whooping cough an acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing whooping cough pertussis; noise produced at the end of a cough when the larynx spasms, producing a long, inspirational noise pharyngitis inflammation of the pharynx pleural effusion fluid leaks into the pleural cavity; usually occurs as a response by the body to injury or infection of the pleural membranes pleuritis; pleurisy inflammation of the pleural membranes pleuropneumonia inflammation of the pleural membranes and the lugns pneumoconiosis inflammation of the lungs when caused by inhalation of fine particles asbestosis pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers silicosis pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of fine silicone dust pneumonia inflammation of soft lung tissue (excluding the bronchi) that results in the formation of an exudate (fluid) within alveoli pneumonitis an inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause pneumothorax the abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity; caused by a penetrating injury to the chest or severe coughing and leads to atelectasis pulmonary edema the accumulation of fluid within the lungs is a response to infection or injury; most common cause is heart disease embolus a blood clot that moves along with the bloodstream embolism when an embolus lodges in a blood vessel, causing an occulsion that blocks the flow of blood pulmonary embolism a blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot; complication to an injury or surgery elsewhere in the body pyothorax; empyema the presence of pus in the pleural c