Topics for the microbiology exam

Subject and tasks of microbiology. Major stages in its development. Taxonomy of bacteria. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Morphology of bacteria - shape, size, essential and non-essential cell organelles, main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Research methods of bacterial morphology. Structure of bacteria - fringed and axial filaments, pili (fimbriae). Structure of bacteria - capsule, glycocalyx. Structure of bacteria - cell wall in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria with defective cell walls. Structure of bacteria - cytoplasmic membrane. Structure of bacteria – cytoplasm and cytoplasmic structures. Structure of bacteria - bacterial nucleus (nucleoid). Structure of bacteria - spores. Morphology and structure of fungi. Bacteriophages. Physiology of microorganisms - chemical composition, cultivation of bacteria. Physiology of microorganisms - nutrition of bacteria, entry of nutrients into the cell. Growth Factors.