NURS NURS280ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE
ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Compare and contrast the clinical manifestations of acute and chronic renal failure
2. Evaluate the causes and treatments for acute tubular necrosis
3. As part of a holistic assessment, compare and contrast the effects of renal failure on all of the
major body systems
4. Analyze and develop plan of care to address the diagnostic test results used to assess
renal functioning
5. Formulate nursing interventions to assist client to adjust to an altered self-concept and lifestyle
➢ Pathophysiology
o Typically, reversible clinical syndrome in which there is an abrupt loss of kidney function and
GFR over a period of overs to days
o The duration of ARF often determines the level of complications that will affect the patient
o The pathophysiology of ARF depends on the underlying causes
➢ Acute Renal Failure is classified into 3 different etiologies
o Pre-renal
▪ Caused by reduced blood flow to the kidney with resulting decrease in the GFR and
urine output
▪ Decreased intravascular volume
• Hemorrhage
• Renal losses (diuretics, osmotic diuresis)
• GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction)
▪ Decreased cardiac output
• MI
• HF
• Dysrhythmias
• Cardiogenic shock
▪ Vasodilation
• Sepsis
• Anaphylaxis
• Anti-hypertensives medications or other medications that cause vasodilation
▪ Reno-vascular changes
o Intra-renal
▪ the result of actual parenchymal damage to the glomeruli or kidney tubules
• Acute tubular necrosis (renal medulla injury occurs) is the most common
o Nephrotic agents (12%)
▪ Aminoglycosides and radiocontrast agents
▪ Antimicrobials
▪ Aminoglycosides
▪ Cephalosporin
▪ PCN
▪ Antineoplastics
▪ Vancomycin --- pharmacy decides dose based on renal function of
pt. with kidney disease
o Ischemia due to decreased renal perfusion (50%)
This study source was downloaded by 100000848934517 from CourseHero.com on 08-18-2022 00:50:20 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/23950062/ACUTE-KIDNEY-FAILURE/
, NURS NURS280ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE
▪ MAP less than 60 for 40 min or more
This study source was downloaded by 100000848934517 from CourseHero.com on 08-18-2022 00:50:20 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/23950062/ACUTE-KIDNEY-FAILURE/
ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Compare and contrast the clinical manifestations of acute and chronic renal failure
2. Evaluate the causes and treatments for acute tubular necrosis
3. As part of a holistic assessment, compare and contrast the effects of renal failure on all of the
major body systems
4. Analyze and develop plan of care to address the diagnostic test results used to assess
renal functioning
5. Formulate nursing interventions to assist client to adjust to an altered self-concept and lifestyle
➢ Pathophysiology
o Typically, reversible clinical syndrome in which there is an abrupt loss of kidney function and
GFR over a period of overs to days
o The duration of ARF often determines the level of complications that will affect the patient
o The pathophysiology of ARF depends on the underlying causes
➢ Acute Renal Failure is classified into 3 different etiologies
o Pre-renal
▪ Caused by reduced blood flow to the kidney with resulting decrease in the GFR and
urine output
▪ Decreased intravascular volume
• Hemorrhage
• Renal losses (diuretics, osmotic diuresis)
• GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction)
▪ Decreased cardiac output
• MI
• HF
• Dysrhythmias
• Cardiogenic shock
▪ Vasodilation
• Sepsis
• Anaphylaxis
• Anti-hypertensives medications or other medications that cause vasodilation
▪ Reno-vascular changes
o Intra-renal
▪ the result of actual parenchymal damage to the glomeruli or kidney tubules
• Acute tubular necrosis (renal medulla injury occurs) is the most common
o Nephrotic agents (12%)
▪ Aminoglycosides and radiocontrast agents
▪ Antimicrobials
▪ Aminoglycosides
▪ Cephalosporin
▪ PCN
▪ Antineoplastics
▪ Vancomycin --- pharmacy decides dose based on renal function of
pt. with kidney disease
o Ischemia due to decreased renal perfusion (50%)
This study source was downloaded by 100000848934517 from CourseHero.com on 08-18-2022 00:50:20 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/23950062/ACUTE-KIDNEY-FAILURE/
, NURS NURS280ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE
▪ MAP less than 60 for 40 min or more
This study source was downloaded by 100000848934517 from CourseHero.com on 08-18-2022 00:50:20 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/23950062/ACUTE-KIDNEY-FAILURE/
