SAN PEDRO COLLEGE
Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science
INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Multilineage Dysplasia
(MDS-MLD)
A Case Study in
HEMATOLOGY
,Objectives:
Generally, the researchers aim to report the case of Myelodysplastic Syndrome with
Multilineage Dysplasia.
This study specifically aims to:
1. Present a thorough assessment of the patient’s case through history; and clinical
examination.
2. Correlate the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology and the patient’s laboratory
results.
3. Establish diagnosis consistent with the signs; symptoms and other information
obtained from the patient.
4. Recommend interventions and medications based on the risk factors, status, and
progression of the disease.
, CHAPTER I
Introduction to the Case
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), often known as bone marrow failure disorders,
are a rare group of conditions in which the body no longer produces enough healthy blood
cells. It is very common among the elderly population (1). Each year, approximately 3000
instances are reported, the majority of whom are above the age of 50 (2).
One or more cytopenias in the peripheral blood characterize MDS. Hypercellular bone
marrow and dysmyelopoiesis (abnormal morphology and maturation of bone marrow cells)
result in inefficient blood cell generation. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or neutropenia
are some of the clinical manifestations of MDS (3). A complete blood count with differential,
a peripheral blood smear, and bone marrow tests are all part of the workup for patients with
suspected MDS (1).
Cytogenetic abnormalities, molecular mutations, and morphologic and physiologic
abnormalities in maturation and differentiation of one or more hematopoietic cell lines are
indications that MDS affects hematopoiesis at the stem cell level (1). MDS is divided into
several classifications, one of which being myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage
dysplasia (MDS-MLD) (2).
World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and
Lymphoid Tissues defined MDS-MLD as a type of MDS with one or more cytopenias and
dysplastic changes in two or more of the myeloid lineages (erythroid, granulocytic, or
megakaryocytic) (3). Myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD) is
one of the more common myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and was referred to as
refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) (4).
The elderly are more likely to be affected by myelodysplastic syndrome with
multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD). The majority of patients are asymptomatic at the time of
diagnosis, and MDS-MLD is frequently discovered by chance. However, some patients
present with fatigue, easy bruising, or susceptibility to infection related to anemia,
thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia, respectively. Laboratory findings include one or more
cytopenias, as defined earlier. MDS treatment varies depending on what type of MDS, but it
usually includes supportive therapy, such as blood transfusions, as well as bone marrow
stimulation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, or hypomethylating drugs. Bone marrow
transplantation has a limited role (4).
Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science
INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Multilineage Dysplasia
(MDS-MLD)
A Case Study in
HEMATOLOGY
,Objectives:
Generally, the researchers aim to report the case of Myelodysplastic Syndrome with
Multilineage Dysplasia.
This study specifically aims to:
1. Present a thorough assessment of the patient’s case through history; and clinical
examination.
2. Correlate the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology and the patient’s laboratory
results.
3. Establish diagnosis consistent with the signs; symptoms and other information
obtained from the patient.
4. Recommend interventions and medications based on the risk factors, status, and
progression of the disease.
, CHAPTER I
Introduction to the Case
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), often known as bone marrow failure disorders,
are a rare group of conditions in which the body no longer produces enough healthy blood
cells. It is very common among the elderly population (1). Each year, approximately 3000
instances are reported, the majority of whom are above the age of 50 (2).
One or more cytopenias in the peripheral blood characterize MDS. Hypercellular bone
marrow and dysmyelopoiesis (abnormal morphology and maturation of bone marrow cells)
result in inefficient blood cell generation. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or neutropenia
are some of the clinical manifestations of MDS (3). A complete blood count with differential,
a peripheral blood smear, and bone marrow tests are all part of the workup for patients with
suspected MDS (1).
Cytogenetic abnormalities, molecular mutations, and morphologic and physiologic
abnormalities in maturation and differentiation of one or more hematopoietic cell lines are
indications that MDS affects hematopoiesis at the stem cell level (1). MDS is divided into
several classifications, one of which being myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage
dysplasia (MDS-MLD) (2).
World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and
Lymphoid Tissues defined MDS-MLD as a type of MDS with one or more cytopenias and
dysplastic changes in two or more of the myeloid lineages (erythroid, granulocytic, or
megakaryocytic) (3). Myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD) is
one of the more common myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and was referred to as
refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) (4).
The elderly are more likely to be affected by myelodysplastic syndrome with
multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD). The majority of patients are asymptomatic at the time of
diagnosis, and MDS-MLD is frequently discovered by chance. However, some patients
present with fatigue, easy bruising, or susceptibility to infection related to anemia,
thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia, respectively. Laboratory findings include one or more
cytopenias, as defined earlier. MDS treatment varies depending on what type of MDS, but it
usually includes supportive therapy, such as blood transfusions, as well as bone marrow
stimulation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, or hypomethylating drugs. Bone marrow
transplantation has a limited role (4).
