Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus occurs when the blood glucose is too high as a result
deficiency of available, Effective insulin. This lack can be absolute when
the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or produces none at all.
This lack can be relative when the pancreas produces the normal amount
of insulin, but for some reason, the body needs more than the normal
amount of insulin. The insulin also may be ineffective and the pancreas
cannot produce enough components. As a result of this, the cells lack fuel
and the body suffers from a lack of energy. People with diabetes often
complain of weakness and tiredness. Following are the characteristic
features of diabetes mellitus.
Hyperglycaemia
A raised fasting blood sugar levels above 70to110 mg/dl and > 130mg/dl,
two hours following lunch [dinner or 100g of glucose]. It is often well above
the renal threshold for glucose.
Polyuria
The increased osmotic pressure of urine due to glycosuria leads to the
excretion of an increased volume of urine that may be passed daily.
Thirst
A further consequence of polyuria is Thirst.
Loss of weight
Since glucose is not utilized by the cells, due to deficiency of insulin,
energy is obtained through [a] body proteins and [b] increased
mobilization of fats. The utilization of body proteins, mainly muscle causes
muscular weakness and hence loss of weight. The end product of proteins
metabolism is urea and it also increases above the usual normal range
[15to45 mg/dl)
Ketosis
In severe cases, more fat is used to supply the energy requirement of the
body. The excessive oxidation of fatty acids may lead to an increase of
ketone bodies in blood and also an increase in cholesterol synthesis.
Diabetes mellitus occurs when the blood glucose is too high as a result
deficiency of available, Effective insulin. This lack can be absolute when
the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or produces none at all.
This lack can be relative when the pancreas produces the normal amount
of insulin, but for some reason, the body needs more than the normal
amount of insulin. The insulin also may be ineffective and the pancreas
cannot produce enough components. As a result of this, the cells lack fuel
and the body suffers from a lack of energy. People with diabetes often
complain of weakness and tiredness. Following are the characteristic
features of diabetes mellitus.
Hyperglycaemia
A raised fasting blood sugar levels above 70to110 mg/dl and > 130mg/dl,
two hours following lunch [dinner or 100g of glucose]. It is often well above
the renal threshold for glucose.
Polyuria
The increased osmotic pressure of urine due to glycosuria leads to the
excretion of an increased volume of urine that may be passed daily.
Thirst
A further consequence of polyuria is Thirst.
Loss of weight
Since glucose is not utilized by the cells, due to deficiency of insulin,
energy is obtained through [a] body proteins and [b] increased
mobilization of fats. The utilization of body proteins, mainly muscle causes
muscular weakness and hence loss of weight. The end product of proteins
metabolism is urea and it also increases above the usual normal range
[15to45 mg/dl)
Ketosis
In severe cases, more fat is used to supply the energy requirement of the
body. The excessive oxidation of fatty acids may lead to an increase of
ketone bodies in blood and also an increase in cholesterol synthesis.
