ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2021/2022

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam Older adult clients will need more _____and vitamin ___to help maintain bone health. They may also be instructed to increase ____in their diet. - calcium and vitamin D increase fiber Older adults have decreased absorption of what three nutrients? 1. Vitamin B12 2. Folic acid 3. Calcium The soft diet is also known as the bland, low fiber diet and contains foods such as: - Whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned and easily digested. Is it safe to take antibiotics while breastfeeding? - Yes, PO antibiotics are safe. Notify provider and finish entire course to reduce risk of reoccurrence. There is a slight transfer between breast milk though. Food interactions with MAOIs include: - tyramine-rich foods caffeine foods/beverages A nurse is providing follow-up dietary teaching for a client who recently was prescribed phenelzine (Nardil). When reviewing the client's dietary log, which of the following foods requires a need for further teaching? A. Cottage cheese B. Banana bread C. Apple pie D. Grilled steak Intermittent tube feeding formula set rate: - administered every 4-6 hr in equal portions of 200-300 mL over a 30-60 min time frame, usually by gravity drip Which type of tube feeding is often used in noncritical clients, home tube feedings, and clients in rehabilitation? - intermittent tube feeding What should the head of the bed be elevated at for tube feedings and for how long? - HOB at least 30 degrees and for during and after for 30-60 min to prevent aspiration risk How often should you obtain gastric residuals for a client receiving tube feedings? - every 4-6 hrs. When beginning a new prescription for enteral nutrition by intermittent tube feeding how should you first initiate this feeding? - Increase the formula over the first 4 to 6 feedings until the prescribed volume is achieved A nurse is preparing to administer intermittent enteral feeding to a client who has neuromuscular disorder. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions? Select all that apply. A. Fill the feeding bag w/24 hr worth of formula B. Discard irrigation equipment after 24 hr C. Leave unused portions of formula at the bedside D. Label the unused portion of the formula E. Replace administration tubing & feeding bag every 48 hr Teach parents that they may switch their child to skim or 1% low fat milk after... - 2 years of age A nurse is teaching a client who has pre-stage chronic kidney disease about dietary management. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the instructions? A. Restrict protein intake B. Maintain a high-phosphorus diet C. Increase intake of foods high in potassium D. Limit dairy products to 1 cup per day Major sources of dietary potassium (K): - oranges dried fruits tomatoes avocados dried peas meats broccoli bananas Major sources of dietary chloride (Cl): - table salt Major sources of dietary calcium (Ca): - dairy broccoli kale grains egg yolks Major sources of dietary magnesium (Mg): - green leafy vegetables nuts grains meat milk Major sources of dietary phosphorus (P): - dairy peas soft drinks meat eggs some grains Major sources of dietary sulfur (S): - dried fruits meats red and white wines Major diet sources of vitamin A: - orange/yellow-colored foods liver dairy Major diet sources of vitamin D - fish fortified dairy products sunlight Major diet sources of vitamin E - vegetable oils grains nuts dark green vegetables Major diet sources of vitamin K - green leafy vegetables eggs liver Major sources of vitamin C - citrus fruits and juices vegetables Major sources of Thiamin (B1) - meats grains legumes Major sources of riboflavin (B2) - milk meats green leafy vegetables Major sources of niacin (B3) - liver nuts legumes Major sources of pantothenic acid (B5) - organ meats egg yolk avocados broccoli Major sources of pyridoxine (B6) - organ meats grains Major sources of folate - liver green leafy vegetables grains legumes Major sources of cobalamin (B12) - organ meats clams oysters grains Examples of high fiber foods: - lentils lima beans black beans artichokes Brussel sprouts broccoli raspberries & blackberries avocados pears bran whole wheat pasta oatmeal split peas LDL expected range: - less than 130 HDL expected range - 35-80 females 35-65 males A client with fluid volume excess will have what expected lab values? - increased Hct increased or decreased serum electrolytes increased protein decreased aldosterone increased excretion of sodium increased natriuretic peptides decreased BUN & creatinine decreased PaCO2 increased pH Manifestations of hypoglycemia: - mild shakiness mental confusion sweating palpitations headache lack of coordination blurred vision seizures coma A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Fruity breath odor B. Diaphoresis C. Vomiting D. Polyuria Decreased sodium s/s: - confusion headache nausea dizzy abdominal cramping Increased sodium s/s: - confusion thirst weakness Increased phosphorus s/s: - numbness/tingling tetany decreased calcium Decreased potassium s/s: - irregular HR muscle weakness leg cramping anorexia Increased potassium s/s: - dysrhythmias muscle weakness Decreased chloride s/s: - lack of emotion anorexia muscle cramping A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving TPN. The current bag of TPN is empty & a new bag is not available on the unit. Which of the following solutions should the nurse infuse until a new bag of TPN is available? A. Dextrose in 10% water B. 0.45% sodium chloride C. Dextrose 5% in LR D. 0.9% sodium chloride RATIONALE: A To prevent hypoglycemia A nurse is teaching about nutritional requirements for a client who is starting a vegetarian diet. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Consume high-fat cheese to replace meats when on a vegetarian diet B. A vegetarian diet is high in vitamin B12 C. Fewer calories are required when on a vegetarian diet D. Include 2 servings per day of nuts when on a vegetarian diet RATIONALE: D. to receive daily recommended intake of omega 3 fatty acids A nurse is providing teaching about lowering solid fat intake to an adolescent who is overweight. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Limit egg yolks to a total of 5 per week." B. "Restrict your daily meat intake to 5 oz." C. "Select cheeses that contain no more than 6 g of fat per serving." D. "Choose margarine that contains no more than 4 g of saturated fat per tablespoon." RATIONALE: B. A meat portion should be restricted to no more than the size of a deck of cards. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has celiac disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can return to my normal diet after I follow this diet for 1 month." B. "I can have tapioca pudding for dessert." C. "I will choose canned soups that don't contain meat products." D. "I will eat my sandwiches on whole wheat bread." RATIONALE: B tapioca doesn't contain gluten, all other choices do, diet is lifelong A nurse is performing a comprehensive nutritional assessment for a client. After reviewing the client's lab results, which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. WBC count of 6000/mm3 B. Sodium 139 mEq/L C. Prealbu