UWORLD NCLEX review 100% CORRECT
pericarditis
Hallmark Sign? Correct Answer: inflammation of the pericardium, from an infection,
Hallmark sign is *friction rub*
Sit up and lean forward for pain. No coughing or laying down.
Cardiac Tamponade
What are the 3 signs? Correct Answer: - Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in
the pericardial cavity.
- Life threatening as it depletes cardiac output
Becks triad:
1. Hypotension
2. Muffled heart sounds
3. Neck vein distension
Signs of a DVT Correct Answer: Unilateral edema
Calf pain
warmth/fever in area
redness/erythema
Lifestyle risk factors DVT
Virchow Triad Correct Answer: No smoking, alcohol, or caffeine
Elevate legs to promote venous return
Exercise
Stay Hydrated
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
What is it?
What should nurses monitor?
Treatment? Correct Answer: When the large blood vessel (aorta) that supplies blood to the abdomen,
pelvis, and legs becomes abnormally large or balloons outward.
Check the clients pulses
Usually fixed via a stent inserted via groin.
Dash Diet Correct Answer: Less sodium, sugar and cholesterol
Example, salt, soda, and red meat.
,Diet to limit hypertension
Supraventricular tachycardia
Treatment? Correct Answer: #1 is vagul
Cardiovert
Adenosine
Amiodarone
ventricular tachycardia Correct Answer: Cardiovert
Adenosine
Amiodarone
atrial fibrillation Correct Answer: Cardiovert is less than 72 hrs
Amiodarone
Anti-coagulants - AFIB THROWS CLOTS!!
Atrial Flutter Correct Answer: No treatment
Normal rhythm
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) Correct Answer: wide and bizare QRS
Heart block
Degree 1,2,3 Correct Answer: 1) PR interval gets continuously longer, missed QRS. No treatment
needed.
2) PR interval is consistent, then missed QRS
Treatment needed. Atropine, Epinepinephrine, pacing
3) PR interval is irregular and random, then missed QRS.
Treatment needed. PACING required.
diabetes insipidus (DI)
Treatment med? Correct Answer: Low ADH secreted by Pituitary Gland, so you dont hold water = fluid
volume deficit
Polyuria = thirst
Polydipsia= peeing alot! Leads to hypotension
Hypernatremia= you pee so much diluted urine your blood holds onto sodium
Hypotebnsion
, Treatment = Vasopressin, desmopressin
Monitor NA, and urine output
Addison disease Correct Answer: Adrenal Gland Disorder: Low cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
- *Low cortisol* (glucosteriods)- so *hypoglycemia* leading to fatigue, *confusion*, weakness, weight
loss.
- *Low Aldosterone* (mineral corticoids) which controls BP, by holding sodium and excreting potassium.
- So they will have *low NA* (confusion) and *high K* (arrhythmias).
- Will be dehydrated and hypotensive.
- *Androgens*- Will lose hair
- Skin is hyper pigmented, bronzed
Addison disease Correct Answer: Adrenal Gland Disorder: Low cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
- *Low cortisol* (glucosteriods)- so *hypoglycemia* leading to fatigue, *confusion*, weakness, weight
loss.
- *Low Aldosterone* (mineral corticoids) which controls BP, by holding sodium and excreting potassium.
- So they will have *low NA* (confusion) and *high K* (arrhythmias).
- Will be dehydrated and hypotensive.
- *Androgens*- Will lose hair
- Skin is hyper pigmented, bronzed
Addison disease Correct Answer: Adrenal Gland Disorder: Low cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
- *Low cortisol* (glucosteriods)- so *hypoglycemia* leading to fatigue, *confusion*, weakness, weight
loss.
- *Low Aldosterone* (mineral corticoids) which controls BP, by holding sodium and excreting potassium.
- So they will have *low NA* (confusion) and *high K* (arrhythmias).
- Will be dehydrated and hypotensive.
- *Androgens*- Will lose hair
- Skin is hyper pigmented, bronzed
Graves Disease Correct Answer: Hyperthyroidsim:
- Hypertension, bounded pulse
- Neuro= anxiety, resting tremors
- GI= diarrhea weight loss,
- hot/flushing, heat intolerance.
- *Expothalmos* (bulging eyes) increases risk for dry eyes. Wear glasses, moisten eyes with tears, tape
eyes shut at night if they cant close.
pericarditis
Hallmark Sign? Correct Answer: inflammation of the pericardium, from an infection,
Hallmark sign is *friction rub*
Sit up and lean forward for pain. No coughing or laying down.
Cardiac Tamponade
What are the 3 signs? Correct Answer: - Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in
the pericardial cavity.
- Life threatening as it depletes cardiac output
Becks triad:
1. Hypotension
2. Muffled heart sounds
3. Neck vein distension
Signs of a DVT Correct Answer: Unilateral edema
Calf pain
warmth/fever in area
redness/erythema
Lifestyle risk factors DVT
Virchow Triad Correct Answer: No smoking, alcohol, or caffeine
Elevate legs to promote venous return
Exercise
Stay Hydrated
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
What is it?
What should nurses monitor?
Treatment? Correct Answer: When the large blood vessel (aorta) that supplies blood to the abdomen,
pelvis, and legs becomes abnormally large or balloons outward.
Check the clients pulses
Usually fixed via a stent inserted via groin.
Dash Diet Correct Answer: Less sodium, sugar and cholesterol
Example, salt, soda, and red meat.
,Diet to limit hypertension
Supraventricular tachycardia
Treatment? Correct Answer: #1 is vagul
Cardiovert
Adenosine
Amiodarone
ventricular tachycardia Correct Answer: Cardiovert
Adenosine
Amiodarone
atrial fibrillation Correct Answer: Cardiovert is less than 72 hrs
Amiodarone
Anti-coagulants - AFIB THROWS CLOTS!!
Atrial Flutter Correct Answer: No treatment
Normal rhythm
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) Correct Answer: wide and bizare QRS
Heart block
Degree 1,2,3 Correct Answer: 1) PR interval gets continuously longer, missed QRS. No treatment
needed.
2) PR interval is consistent, then missed QRS
Treatment needed. Atropine, Epinepinephrine, pacing
3) PR interval is irregular and random, then missed QRS.
Treatment needed. PACING required.
diabetes insipidus (DI)
Treatment med? Correct Answer: Low ADH secreted by Pituitary Gland, so you dont hold water = fluid
volume deficit
Polyuria = thirst
Polydipsia= peeing alot! Leads to hypotension
Hypernatremia= you pee so much diluted urine your blood holds onto sodium
Hypotebnsion
, Treatment = Vasopressin, desmopressin
Monitor NA, and urine output
Addison disease Correct Answer: Adrenal Gland Disorder: Low cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
- *Low cortisol* (glucosteriods)- so *hypoglycemia* leading to fatigue, *confusion*, weakness, weight
loss.
- *Low Aldosterone* (mineral corticoids) which controls BP, by holding sodium and excreting potassium.
- So they will have *low NA* (confusion) and *high K* (arrhythmias).
- Will be dehydrated and hypotensive.
- *Androgens*- Will lose hair
- Skin is hyper pigmented, bronzed
Addison disease Correct Answer: Adrenal Gland Disorder: Low cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
- *Low cortisol* (glucosteriods)- so *hypoglycemia* leading to fatigue, *confusion*, weakness, weight
loss.
- *Low Aldosterone* (mineral corticoids) which controls BP, by holding sodium and excreting potassium.
- So they will have *low NA* (confusion) and *high K* (arrhythmias).
- Will be dehydrated and hypotensive.
- *Androgens*- Will lose hair
- Skin is hyper pigmented, bronzed
Addison disease Correct Answer: Adrenal Gland Disorder: Low cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
- *Low cortisol* (glucosteriods)- so *hypoglycemia* leading to fatigue, *confusion*, weakness, weight
loss.
- *Low Aldosterone* (mineral corticoids) which controls BP, by holding sodium and excreting potassium.
- So they will have *low NA* (confusion) and *high K* (arrhythmias).
- Will be dehydrated and hypotensive.
- *Androgens*- Will lose hair
- Skin is hyper pigmented, bronzed
Graves Disease Correct Answer: Hyperthyroidsim:
- Hypertension, bounded pulse
- Neuro= anxiety, resting tremors
- GI= diarrhea weight loss,
- hot/flushing, heat intolerance.
- *Expothalmos* (bulging eyes) increases risk for dry eyes. Wear glasses, moisten eyes with tears, tape
eyes shut at night if they cant close.
