Week Topics
Week 5 Glucose metabolism disorders
1. Types of diabetes
3 Types
• Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, but occurs most frequently in
children and adolescents. When you have type 1 diabetes, your body
produces very little or no insulin, which means that you need daily
insulin injections to maintain blood
glucose levels under control.
• Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and accounts for around
90% of all diabetes cases. When you have type 2 diabetes, your body
does not make good
use of the insulin that it produces. The cornerstone of type 2 diabetes
treatment is healthy lifestyle, including increased physical activity and
healthy diet.
However, over time most people with type 2 diabetes will require oral
drugs and/or insulin to keep their blood glucose levels under control.
• Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a type of diabetes that consists of high
blood glucose during pregnancy and is associated with complications
to both mother
and child. GDM usually disappears after pregnancy but women affected
and their children are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes
later in life.
Diagnostic criteria
• A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher,
or
• A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher
during a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or
• A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher in a
patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic
crisis
Whether a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.5% or higher should be a primary
diagnostic
Initial treatment
The American Diabetes Association recommends routine screening for type 2 diabetes
beginning at age 45, If the results are normal, repeat the test every three years.
Screening is also recommended for people who are under 45 and overweight if there
are other heart disease or diabetes risk factors present, such as a sedentary lifestyle, a
family history of type 2 diabetes, a personal history of gestational diabetes or blood
pressure above 140/90 millimeters of mercury
For patients with type 2 diabetes with overweight (BMI ≥25 to 29.9 kg/m 2) or obesity
(BMI ≥30 kg/m2)
Examples of possible treatments for type 2 diabetes include:
, Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, others). Generally, metformin is the first
medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works by lowering glucose
production in
Week 5 Glucose metabolism disorders
1. Types of diabetes
3 Types
• Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, but occurs most frequently in
children and adolescents. When you have type 1 diabetes, your body
produces very little or no insulin, which means that you need daily
insulin injections to maintain blood
glucose levels under control.
• Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and accounts for around
90% of all diabetes cases. When you have type 2 diabetes, your body
does not make good
use of the insulin that it produces. The cornerstone of type 2 diabetes
treatment is healthy lifestyle, including increased physical activity and
healthy diet.
However, over time most people with type 2 diabetes will require oral
drugs and/or insulin to keep their blood glucose levels under control.
• Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a type of diabetes that consists of high
blood glucose during pregnancy and is associated with complications
to both mother
and child. GDM usually disappears after pregnancy but women affected
and their children are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes
later in life.
Diagnostic criteria
• A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher,
or
• A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher
during a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or
• A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher in a
patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic
crisis
Whether a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.5% or higher should be a primary
diagnostic
Initial treatment
The American Diabetes Association recommends routine screening for type 2 diabetes
beginning at age 45, If the results are normal, repeat the test every three years.
Screening is also recommended for people who are under 45 and overweight if there
are other heart disease or diabetes risk factors present, such as a sedentary lifestyle, a
family history of type 2 diabetes, a personal history of gestational diabetes or blood
pressure above 140/90 millimeters of mercury
For patients with type 2 diabetes with overweight (BMI ≥25 to 29.9 kg/m 2) or obesity
(BMI ≥30 kg/m2)
Examples of possible treatments for type 2 diabetes include:
, Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, others). Generally, metformin is the first
medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works by lowering glucose
production in
