Rasmussen MCH Exam 3 Questions And
Answers| GRADED A
Hospitalization causes many issues - Stress is the Big one. This can be positive and
negative Correct Answer: Positive - Child begins to expand their world when
parents are absent. Healthcare providers can see the child adapt. If parents are gone
too long........abandonment can set in.
**Stress helps them learn how to cope.
Negative - Long term stress (not good), however display itself in physical
manifestation.
What are 3 things children are most afraid of? Correct Answer: -losing control or
independence
-fear of pain or punishment
-fear of bodily harm or change
How can we minimize the stress of hospitalization? Correct Answer: Parent
rooming in w/ patient, bring an object/toy from home, draw pictures to hang in
room, offer choices of watching movie or picking a game, therapeutic play, child
life specialist, guided imagery
How do we communicate with children? Correct Answer: Children in general -
Get to their level physically.
Use simple words.
Eye contact.
Play to demonstrate.
Be approachable.
DO NOT LIE TO THEM!
Communication: Hearing deficit Correct Answer: Sign language, pictures,
computerized electronics, eye contact, touch, turn light on.
Gain their attention before speaking, face child when speaking, speak slowly and
loudly.
,Communication:Visual deficit Correct Answer: Announce yourself, let them know
that you are there. Keep routine in the room the same. Make sure they have their
glasses on. Bright lights.
Communication: Cognitive issues Correct Answer: Be gentle and kind, very short
directives. Praise. Hold boundaries.
Separation comfort care Correct Answer: -with favorite items or activity,
distraction, parents room in or go with child to procedures.
-Child will protest separation due to anxiety, [prep with tours and explanation, use
transitional objects] reinforce when they will see parent again.
-Despair follows due to grief of separation, detachment due to ongoing
anger/coping skills.
Alleviate stress and fears: Correct Answer: -explain procedure
-distraction
-ask parent to stay and participate in care
-explain what's going on
What is the benefit of play? Correct Answer: ● Allows children to express
feelings and fears.
● Facilitates mastery of developmental stages and assists in the development of
problem solving abilities.
● Allows children to learn socially acceptable behaviors.
● Activities should be specific to each child's stage
of development.
● Can be used to teach children.
● A means of protection from everyday stressors.
Solitary play Correct Answer: The child plays alone, without regard for those
around him. Characteristic of infants.
Onlooker play Correct Answer: The child observes the other children around him
as he plays alone; may alter own play activities based on what he sees the others
doing or may be content to continue in his play while simply talking with the other
children; play activities are different (e.g., one child may be bouncing a ball while
another is playing with jacks). Characteristic of toddlers.
**RED FLAG for continuing in this phase of play, which is usually indicative of
autism
,Parallel play Correct Answer: Children play independently among other children
but they do not yet play together, which is characteristic of toddlers.
Associative play Correct Answer: Children playing together without organization,
which is characteristic of preschoolers
Cooperative play Correct Answer: Organized playing in groups. Children assume
designated roles in the games, have goals for the games, and rely on one another
for the game to continue and progress. This is characteristic of school-age children
and adolescents.
Nutrition is: Correct Answer: the single most important factor in the growth and
development of children.
Are food fads that different children encounter harmful? Correct Answer: -No, and
are usually self-limiting.
-Adolescents have many different needs for greater caloric intake and more
concentrated iron, folic acid, and protein.
Toddlers: At risk for? Correct Answer: Physiological anemia
-Because of too much calcium in milk impedes iron absorption
Physiological anorexia
-Toddlers begin developing taste preferences and are generally picky eaters who
repeatedly request their favorite foods. Physiologic anorexia occurs, resulting in
toddlers becoming fussy eaters because of a decreased appetite.
Risks with inadequate nutrition: Correct Answer: • Cardiac and organic failure,
electrolytic imbalance, cardiac dysrhythmia, tooth enamel erosion, esophageal
damage. Kids are obsessive picky eaters.
• Older kids become obsessive and restrictive.
• Over-eaters think about meals before all else.
• In little kids they can become constipated, unhealthy.
• Anemia can be an issue. Food fads are not uncommon and if the child has a daily
food intake that is overall balanced, the parent should be comforted and instructed
to continue to track the intake.
Nutritional needs Correct Answer: -Infant- breast feed up to 1 year, no milk prior
, -Solid foods - around 6 mo., slowly new food every 3-4 days
-Toddlers - picky eaters, physiological anorexia, grazers; no food fads are
detrimental unless purposely not eating.
-Growth problems if not receiving proper amount of proteins: Ask what they like
(if don't like milk find another option for calcium)
**Too much milk can cause anemia [Ca impedes iron absorption]
Adolescent nutrition requires Correct Answer: Rapid growth and high metabolism
require increases in quality nutrients, and make adolescents unable to tolerate
caloric restrictions.
**During times of rapid growth, additional calcium, iron, protein, folic acid, and
zinc are needed.
Rate of growth Correct Answer: Greatest growth in infants, and then again in
adolescents which puts them at risk for anemia due to menstruation and muscle
mass increase.
Restraints Correct Answer: Are used for procedures to keep children safe!!
*2 common types of restraints- mummy (papoose) and elbow restraints.
• Elbow prevents elbow flex - can't reach things to pull/touch.
• Mummy (papoose) is swaddling and whole body stabilization. Used for
procedures and medication administration.
**During a procedure you don't need an order for a restraint. If you want to KEEP
THEM ON you need an order.
**Restraints 411: Correct Answer: -Must be removed every 2 hours.
-Parent teaching and return demonstrations must be validated.
-Chemical restraints are sedation. Can be used to reduce anxiety pre-op or post-op
**Airway MUST BE MANAGED at all times. Child must be under direct
surveillance at all times.
Reasons for Restraints Correct Answer: Restraining a child may be a necessary
intervention to ensure a child's safety during a procedure or to prevent injury to an
operative site.
Answers| GRADED A
Hospitalization causes many issues - Stress is the Big one. This can be positive and
negative Correct Answer: Positive - Child begins to expand their world when
parents are absent. Healthcare providers can see the child adapt. If parents are gone
too long........abandonment can set in.
**Stress helps them learn how to cope.
Negative - Long term stress (not good), however display itself in physical
manifestation.
What are 3 things children are most afraid of? Correct Answer: -losing control or
independence
-fear of pain or punishment
-fear of bodily harm or change
How can we minimize the stress of hospitalization? Correct Answer: Parent
rooming in w/ patient, bring an object/toy from home, draw pictures to hang in
room, offer choices of watching movie or picking a game, therapeutic play, child
life specialist, guided imagery
How do we communicate with children? Correct Answer: Children in general -
Get to their level physically.
Use simple words.
Eye contact.
Play to demonstrate.
Be approachable.
DO NOT LIE TO THEM!
Communication: Hearing deficit Correct Answer: Sign language, pictures,
computerized electronics, eye contact, touch, turn light on.
Gain their attention before speaking, face child when speaking, speak slowly and
loudly.
,Communication:Visual deficit Correct Answer: Announce yourself, let them know
that you are there. Keep routine in the room the same. Make sure they have their
glasses on. Bright lights.
Communication: Cognitive issues Correct Answer: Be gentle and kind, very short
directives. Praise. Hold boundaries.
Separation comfort care Correct Answer: -with favorite items or activity,
distraction, parents room in or go with child to procedures.
-Child will protest separation due to anxiety, [prep with tours and explanation, use
transitional objects] reinforce when they will see parent again.
-Despair follows due to grief of separation, detachment due to ongoing
anger/coping skills.
Alleviate stress and fears: Correct Answer: -explain procedure
-distraction
-ask parent to stay and participate in care
-explain what's going on
What is the benefit of play? Correct Answer: ● Allows children to express
feelings and fears.
● Facilitates mastery of developmental stages and assists in the development of
problem solving abilities.
● Allows children to learn socially acceptable behaviors.
● Activities should be specific to each child's stage
of development.
● Can be used to teach children.
● A means of protection from everyday stressors.
Solitary play Correct Answer: The child plays alone, without regard for those
around him. Characteristic of infants.
Onlooker play Correct Answer: The child observes the other children around him
as he plays alone; may alter own play activities based on what he sees the others
doing or may be content to continue in his play while simply talking with the other
children; play activities are different (e.g., one child may be bouncing a ball while
another is playing with jacks). Characteristic of toddlers.
**RED FLAG for continuing in this phase of play, which is usually indicative of
autism
,Parallel play Correct Answer: Children play independently among other children
but they do not yet play together, which is characteristic of toddlers.
Associative play Correct Answer: Children playing together without organization,
which is characteristic of preschoolers
Cooperative play Correct Answer: Organized playing in groups. Children assume
designated roles in the games, have goals for the games, and rely on one another
for the game to continue and progress. This is characteristic of school-age children
and adolescents.
Nutrition is: Correct Answer: the single most important factor in the growth and
development of children.
Are food fads that different children encounter harmful? Correct Answer: -No, and
are usually self-limiting.
-Adolescents have many different needs for greater caloric intake and more
concentrated iron, folic acid, and protein.
Toddlers: At risk for? Correct Answer: Physiological anemia
-Because of too much calcium in milk impedes iron absorption
Physiological anorexia
-Toddlers begin developing taste preferences and are generally picky eaters who
repeatedly request their favorite foods. Physiologic anorexia occurs, resulting in
toddlers becoming fussy eaters because of a decreased appetite.
Risks with inadequate nutrition: Correct Answer: • Cardiac and organic failure,
electrolytic imbalance, cardiac dysrhythmia, tooth enamel erosion, esophageal
damage. Kids are obsessive picky eaters.
• Older kids become obsessive and restrictive.
• Over-eaters think about meals before all else.
• In little kids they can become constipated, unhealthy.
• Anemia can be an issue. Food fads are not uncommon and if the child has a daily
food intake that is overall balanced, the parent should be comforted and instructed
to continue to track the intake.
Nutritional needs Correct Answer: -Infant- breast feed up to 1 year, no milk prior
, -Solid foods - around 6 mo., slowly new food every 3-4 days
-Toddlers - picky eaters, physiological anorexia, grazers; no food fads are
detrimental unless purposely not eating.
-Growth problems if not receiving proper amount of proteins: Ask what they like
(if don't like milk find another option for calcium)
**Too much milk can cause anemia [Ca impedes iron absorption]
Adolescent nutrition requires Correct Answer: Rapid growth and high metabolism
require increases in quality nutrients, and make adolescents unable to tolerate
caloric restrictions.
**During times of rapid growth, additional calcium, iron, protein, folic acid, and
zinc are needed.
Rate of growth Correct Answer: Greatest growth in infants, and then again in
adolescents which puts them at risk for anemia due to menstruation and muscle
mass increase.
Restraints Correct Answer: Are used for procedures to keep children safe!!
*2 common types of restraints- mummy (papoose) and elbow restraints.
• Elbow prevents elbow flex - can't reach things to pull/touch.
• Mummy (papoose) is swaddling and whole body stabilization. Used for
procedures and medication administration.
**During a procedure you don't need an order for a restraint. If you want to KEEP
THEM ON you need an order.
**Restraints 411: Correct Answer: -Must be removed every 2 hours.
-Parent teaching and return demonstrations must be validated.
-Chemical restraints are sedation. Can be used to reduce anxiety pre-op or post-op
**Airway MUST BE MANAGED at all times. Child must be under direct
surveillance at all times.
Reasons for Restraints Correct Answer: Restraining a child may be a necessary
intervention to ensure a child's safety during a procedure or to prevent injury to an
operative site.
